Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma—History and Future
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Dendritic-Cell Vaccination
3. Checkpoint Inhibitors
4. Bispecific Molecules
5. Adoptive T-Cell therapy
6. Other drugs on the horizon
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Study Design | Number of Patients | Elevated LDH at Baseline | Therapy | Best Response | Overall Response Rate (CR + PR) | Median Duration of Response (mo) | Disease-Control Rate (CR + PR + SD) | Durable Disease-Control Rate (CR + PR + SD ≥ 6 mo) | Median PFS/DFS (mo) | AEs Grade ≥3 % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[24] | case series, stage-IV UM | 14 | 21% | dendritic-cell vaccination | SD | 0% | n.a. | 71% | 21% | n.a. | 0 |
[26] | adjuvant, open-label, phase-II study, UM | 23 | n.a. | adjuvant dendritic-cell vaccination | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 34.5 | 0 |
[30] | multicentre, phase-II, stage-IV UM | 53 | 38% | ipi 3 mg/kg Q3W | SD | 0% | n.a. | 47% | 21% | 2.8 | 36%, one death |
[31] | retrospective, multicentre, stage-IV UM | pembro: 54 | 57% | pembro 2 mg/kg Q3W | PR | 4.7% | n.a. | 22.7% | n.a. | 3.1 | 7% |
nivo: 32 | 53% | nivo 3 mg/kg Q2W | PR | 4.7% | n.a. | 18.7% | n.a. | 2.8 | 13%, one death | ||
ipi + PD-1 ab: 15 total: 86 | 47% | ipi 3 mg/kg + nivo 1 mg/kg Q3W, followed by nivo 3 mg/kg Q2W ipi 1 mg/kg + pembro 2 mg/kg Q3W, followed by pembro 2 mg/kg Q3W ipi 1 mg/kg + nivo 3 mg/kg Q3W, followed by nivo 3 mg/kg Q2W | PR | 16.7% | n.a. | 33.4% | n.a. | 2.8 | 13% | ||
[32] | retrospective, multicenter, stage-IV UM | pembro: 38 nivo: 16 atezo: 2 total: 56 | 71% | pembro 2 mg/kg Q3W 10 mg/kg Q2W 10 mg/kg Q3W Unknown Q3W nivo 1 mg/kg Q2W 2 mg/kg Q2W 3 mg/kg Q2W 10 mg/kg Q2W atezo 10 mg/kg Q2W 15 mg/kg Q2W | PR | 3.6% | n.a. | 12.5% | 8.9% | 2.6 | 13% |
Case series HD, 2019 (unpublished) | retrospective, monocentre, stage-IV UM | pembro: 12 nivo: 1 ipi + nivo: 7 total: 20 | 55% | pembro 2 mg/kg Q3W nivo 3 mg/kg Q2W ipi 3 mg/kg + nivo 1 mg/kg Q3W, followed by nivo 3 mg/kg Q2W | PR | 11.8% | 2.85 | 29.4% | 5.9% | 2.75 | 30% |
[33] | prospective, phase-II, multicentre, open-label, single-arm, stage-IV UM | 50 | 32% | ipi 3 mg/kg + nivo 1 mg/kg Q3W, followed by nivo 3 mg/kg Q2W | PR | 12% | n.a. | 64% | n.a. | 3.3 | 54%, one death |
[46,47] | phase-I study, prospective, stage-IV UM | 19 | 73% | tebentafusp (IMCgp100) | PR | 11% | 7.1 | 71% | 41% | 5.6 | 79% |
[52] | interim analysis of a monocentre, two-stage, single-arm, phase-II study, stage-IV UM | 21 | 52% | adoptive T-cell therapy | CR | 35% | 4+ | 43% | 10% | n.a. | 100%, one death |
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Schank, T.E.; Hassel, J.C. Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma—History and Future. Cancers 2019, 11, 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081048
Schank TE, Hassel JC. Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma—History and Future. Cancers. 2019; 11(8):1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081048
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchank, Timo E., and Jessica C. Hassel. 2019. "Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma—History and Future" Cancers 11, no. 8: 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081048