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Nutrients
Volume 17
Issue 23
10.3390/nu17233749
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Relationship Between Insoluble Dietary Fiber Intake and Non-Restorative Sleep in Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the NHNS Japan, 2014 and 2018

by
Momo Fushimi
1,2,
Aoi Kawamura
1,
Tomohiro Utsumi
1,
Kentaro Nagao
1,
Kentaro Matsui
1,
Ayano Kimura
1,
Sayaka Aritake-Okada
1,2,
Takuya Yoshiike
1 and
Kenichi Kuriyama
1,*
1
Department of Sleep–Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
2
Graduate School of Health and Social Services/School of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, 820 Sannomiya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8540, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2025, 17(23), 3749; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17233749 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 21 October 2025 / Revised: 20 November 2025 / Accepted: 26 November 2025 / Published: 28 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Non-restorative sleep (NRS)—a subjective feeling of unrefreshing/insufficient rest despite adequate sleep duration—an important sleep-quality indicator is associated with depression and mortality. We examined whether insoluble dietary fiber intake is associated with NRS in Japanese adults, after adjusting for socioeconomic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from 5034 adult (≥20 years) respondents of the National Health and Nutrition Surveys (2014 and 2018), Japan, self-assessed NRS (coded as 1, absence as 0) was analyzed with insoluble fiber intake (g/1000 kcal) modeled as a continuous variable; logistic regression analyses with progressive adjustments included Model 1, adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index; Model 2, comprising socioeconomic and lifestyle factors; Model 3, adjusted for sleep duration; and Model 4, which included dietary energy, protein, fat, vitamin D, and magnesium. Results: Among 19.3% of participants with NRS, the median (interquartile range) insoluble dietary fiber intake was 5.45 (4.10–6.97) g/1000 kcal, with higher NRS prevalence among younger adults (<60 years), non-drinkers (no habitual alcohol consumption), and individuals with short sleep (<6 h). Higher insoluble dietary fiber intake was consistently associated with a lower NRS likelihood, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. In the fully adjusted model, younger age (<60 years), no habitual alcohol consumption, and short sleep (<6 h) were independently associated with greater odds of NRS. Conclusions: Higher insoluble dietary fiber density correlated with lower odds of NRS, indicating a significant association, rather than causation, that warrants longitudinal clarification of the temporal relationship between dietary fiber intake and perceived sleep restorativeness.
Keywords: insoluble dietary fiber; non-restorative sleep; sleep quality; dietary intake insoluble dietary fiber; non-restorative sleep; sleep quality; dietary intake

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fushimi, M.; Kawamura, A.; Utsumi, T.; Nagao, K.; Matsui, K.; Kimura, A.; Aritake-Okada, S.; Yoshiike, T.; Kuriyama, K. Relationship Between Insoluble Dietary Fiber Intake and Non-Restorative Sleep in Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the NHNS Japan, 2014 and 2018. Nutrients 2025, 17, 3749. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17233749

AMA Style

Fushimi M, Kawamura A, Utsumi T, Nagao K, Matsui K, Kimura A, Aritake-Okada S, Yoshiike T, Kuriyama K. Relationship Between Insoluble Dietary Fiber Intake and Non-Restorative Sleep in Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the NHNS Japan, 2014 and 2018. Nutrients. 2025; 17(23):3749. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17233749

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fushimi, Momo, Aoi Kawamura, Tomohiro Utsumi, Kentaro Nagao, Kentaro Matsui, Ayano Kimura, Sayaka Aritake-Okada, Takuya Yoshiike, and Kenichi Kuriyama. 2025. "Relationship Between Insoluble Dietary Fiber Intake and Non-Restorative Sleep in Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the NHNS Japan, 2014 and 2018" Nutrients 17, no. 23: 3749. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17233749

APA Style

Fushimi, M., Kawamura, A., Utsumi, T., Nagao, K., Matsui, K., Kimura, A., Aritake-Okada, S., Yoshiike, T., & Kuriyama, K. (2025). Relationship Between Insoluble Dietary Fiber Intake and Non-Restorative Sleep in Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the NHNS Japan, 2014 and 2018. Nutrients, 17(23), 3749. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17233749

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