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Nutrients
Volume 17
Issue 16
10.3390/nu17162598
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Advances in Intestinal-Targeted Release of Phenolic Compounds

by
Yunxuan Tang
1,
Wenjing Liu
1,
Jiayan Zhang
1,
Bai Juan
1,
Ying Zhu
1,
Lin Zhu
1,
Yansheng Zhao
1,
Maria Daglia
2,3,
Xiang Xiao
1 and
Yufeng He
1,*
1
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
2
International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
3
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2025, 17(16), 2598; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162598 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 3 July 2025 / Revised: 30 July 2025 / Accepted: 8 August 2025 / Published: 9 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Functional Factors and Nutritional Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Phenols are natural compounds with considerable bioactivities. However, the low bioavailability and chemical instability of phenols limit their biological functions. This review summarizes recent progress in phenol delivery systems that account for the specific physiological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. It focuses on the delivery materials for intestinal targeting and the synergistic benefits of co-encapsulating phenols with other functional ingredients. To achieve targeted release of phenols in the digestive tract, factors such as pH, digestive enzymes, and gut microbiota should be fully considered in delivery system designing. Materials like chitosan, sodium alginate, pectin, and guar gum offer effective protection and targeted delivery of phenols due to their pH sensitivity and enzyme-degradable properties. Co-delivery systems that combine phenols with carotenoids or probiotics improve the functional properties of phenols, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, and regulation of gut microbiota. Probiotics can enhance phenolic compound absorption and probiotic survival in a phenolic–probiotic co-encapsulation system through debonding, bioconversion, and synergistic effects.
Keywords: phenolic compound; intestinal-targeted delivery; co-encapsulation; wall material; bioavailability phenolic compound; intestinal-targeted delivery; co-encapsulation; wall material; bioavailability

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Tang, Y.; Liu, W.; Zhang, J.; Juan, B.; Zhu, Y.; Zhu, L.; Zhao, Y.; Daglia, M.; Xiao, X.; He, Y. Advances in Intestinal-Targeted Release of Phenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2025, 17, 2598. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162598

AMA Style

Tang Y, Liu W, Zhang J, Juan B, Zhu Y, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Daglia M, Xiao X, He Y. Advances in Intestinal-Targeted Release of Phenolic Compounds. Nutrients. 2025; 17(16):2598. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162598

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tang, Yunxuan, Wenjing Liu, Jiayan Zhang, Bai Juan, Ying Zhu, Lin Zhu, Yansheng Zhao, Maria Daglia, Xiang Xiao, and Yufeng He. 2025. "Advances in Intestinal-Targeted Release of Phenolic Compounds" Nutrients 17, no. 16: 2598. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162598

APA Style

Tang, Y., Liu, W., Zhang, J., Juan, B., Zhu, Y., Zhu, L., Zhao, Y., Daglia, M., Xiao, X., & He, Y. (2025). Advances in Intestinal-Targeted Release of Phenolic Compounds. Nutrients, 17(16), 2598. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162598

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