Adverse Food Reactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Food Allergies and Intolerances
- Reactions mediated by the immune system (food allergies).
4. Food Intolerances and IBD
4.1. Lactose Intolerance and IBD
4.2. Fructose Intolerance and IBD
4.3. Histamine Intolerance and IBD
4.4. Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity and IBD
5. Food Allergies and IBD
Nickel and IBD
6. Conclusions and Future Directions
7. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Condition | Mechanism | Common Causative Foods or Substances | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Food allergy | Reactions mediated by the immune system | Milk, eggs, peanuts, fish, shellfish, plant-based food | [9] | |
Food intolerance | Enzyme deficiency | Inability to metabolize determined substances present in food | Lactose, fructose, trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol | [13,14] |
Pharmacological intolerance | Direct: caused by chemical substances naturally present in food Indirect: caused by the release of mediators from cells induced by certain foods | Foods rich in histamine (fermented cheeses, salami, oily fish, spinach, tomatoes), methylxanthines (coffee, chocolate, tea, cola), phenylethylamine (cheese, red wine), tyramine (potatoes, cabbage, tuna) | [13,14] | |
Indefinite intolerance | Exact mechanism unknown | Food additives (preservatives, dyes, sweeteners, antioxidants), processed foods (canned meat products, syrups, fruit juices) | [13,14] |
Condition | Mechanism | Available Data | References |
---|---|---|---|
Lactose intolerance | Damage to the small bowel mucosa with consequent lactase deficiency and lactose malabsorption | Humans | [17,18,28,29] |
Fructose intolerance | Inflammation may lead to downregulation of the primary intestinal fructose transporter (GLUT5 receptor) | Rabbits | [57,58] |
Histamine intolerance | SNP associated with altered function of enzymes involved in histamine metabolism and reduced DAO activity may lead to HIT | Humans | [97,98] |
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity | Fermentable carbohydrates in gluten-containing foods may result in increased intraluminal gas leading to increased gastrointestinal symptoms in IBD patients with stenosing disease | Humans | [99,101] |
Nickel allergy | Altered macrophage autophagy mechanisms may lead to accumulation of nickel particles able to worsen colitis | THP-1 cells, murine models | [135] |
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Capobianco, I.; Di Vincenzo, F.; Puca, P.; Becherucci, G.; Mentella, M.C.; Petito, V.; Scaldaferri, F. Adverse Food Reactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2024, 16, 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030351
Capobianco I, Di Vincenzo F, Puca P, Becherucci G, Mentella MC, Petito V, Scaldaferri F. Adverse Food Reactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Nutrients. 2024; 16(3):351. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030351
Chicago/Turabian StyleCapobianco, Ivan, Federica Di Vincenzo, Pierluigi Puca, Guia Becherucci, Maria Chiara Mentella, Valentina Petito, and Franco Scaldaferri. 2024. "Adverse Food Reactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: State of the Art and Future Perspectives" Nutrients 16, no. 3: 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030351