The Effects of Rice Bran on Neuroinflammation and Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice Fed a Drink with Fructose
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Biochemical Assay and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
2.4. Morris Water Maze
2.5. 16S rRNA Sequencing
2.6. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Rice Bran and Tea Seed Oil Supplementation on Body and Uterine Weight in Ovariectomized Old Mice Fed a Fructose Drink
3.2. Effects of Rice Bran and Tea Seed Oil Supplementation on Glucose Utilization and Insulin Resistance in Ovariectomized Old Mice Fed a Fructose Drink
3.3. Effects of Rice Bran and Tea Seed Oil Supplementation on Lipid Accumulation in Ovariectomized Old Mice Fed a Fructose Drink
3.4. Effects of Rice Bran and Tea Seed Oil Supplementation on Peripheral Oxidative Damage and Neuroinflammation in Ovariectomized Old Mice Fed a Fructose Drink
3.5. Effects of Rice Bran and Tea Seed Oil Supplementation on Cognition in Ovariectomized Old Mice Fed a Fructose Drink
3.6. Effects of Rice Bran and Tea Seed Oil Supplementation on Gut Microbial Composition and Metabolites in Ovariectomized Old Mice Fed a Fructose Drink
3.7. Effects of Rice Bran and Tea Seed Oil Supplementation on the Gut–Liver–Brain Axis in Ovariectomized Old Mice Fed a Fructose Drink
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chao, Y.-W.; Tung, Y.-T.; Yang, S.-C.; Shirakawa, H.; Su, L.-H.; Loe, P.-Y.; Chiu, W.-C. The Effects of Rice Bran on Neuroinflammation and Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice Fed a Drink with Fructose. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2980. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172980
Chao Y-W, Tung Y-T, Yang S-C, Shirakawa H, Su L-H, Loe P-Y, Chiu W-C. The Effects of Rice Bran on Neuroinflammation and Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice Fed a Drink with Fructose. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2980. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172980
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao, Yu-Wen, Yu-Tang Tung, Suh-Ching Yang, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Li-Han Su, Pei-Yu Loe, and Wan-Chun Chiu. 2024. "The Effects of Rice Bran on Neuroinflammation and Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice Fed a Drink with Fructose" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2980. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172980
APA StyleChao, Y. -W., Tung, Y. -T., Yang, S. -C., Shirakawa, H., Su, L. -H., Loe, P. -Y., & Chiu, W. -C. (2024). The Effects of Rice Bran on Neuroinflammation and Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice Fed a Drink with Fructose. Nutrients, 16(17), 2980. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172980