Food Insecurity and Sleep-Related Problems in Adolescents: Findings from the EHDLA Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Procedures
2.2.1. Food Insecurity
2.2.2. Sleep-Related Problems
2.2.3. Covariates
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total Sample | Food Security | Food Insecurity | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants | n (%) | 836 (100.0) | 702 (84.0) | 134 (16.0) | |
Sex | Boys (%) | 374 (44.7) | 310 (44.2) | 64 (47.8) | 0.501 |
Girls (%) | 462 (55.3) | 392 (55.8) | 70 (52.2) | ||
Age (years) | Median (IQR) | 14.0 (2.0) | 14.0 (2.0) | 14.0 (2.0) | 0.897 |
FAS-III (score) | Median (IQR) | 8.0 (3.0) | 9.0 (3.0) | 7.0 (3.0) | <0.001 |
YAP-S sedentary behaviors (score) | Median (IQR) | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.8) | 0.201 |
YAP-S physical activity (score) | Median (IQR) | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.7 (1.0) | 0.003 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | Median (IQR) | 21.6 (6.0) | 21.6 (5.9) | 21.9 (6.9) | 0.513 |
Energy intake (kcal) | Median (IQR) | 2587.5 (1489.5) | 2522.1 (1398.7) | 3159.7 (2389.8) | <0.001 |
Bedtime problems | No (%) | 643 (76.9) | 559 (79.6) | 84 (62.7) | <0.001 |
Yes (%) | 193 (23.1) | 143 (20.4) | 50 (37.3) | ||
Excessive daytime sleepiness | No (%) | 560 (67.0) | 494 (70.4) | 66 (49.3) | <0.001 |
Yes (%) | 276 (33.0) | 208 (29.6) | 68 (50.7) | ||
Awakenings during the night | No (%) | 711 (85.0) | 612 (87.2) | 99 (73.9) | <0.001 |
Yes (%) | 125 (15.0) | 90 (12.8) | 35 (26.1) | ||
Regularity and duration of sleep | No (%) | 592 (70.8) | 510 (72.6) | 82 (61.2) | 0.010 |
Yes (%) | 244 (29.2) | 192 (27.4) | 52 (38.8) | ||
Snoring | No (%) | 780 (93.3) | 657 (93.6) | 123 (91.8) | 0.566 |
Yes (%) | 56 (6.7) | 45 (6.4) | 11 (8.2) | ||
Sleep-related problems (number) | Median (IQR) | 1.0 (2.0) | 1.0 (2.0) | 2.0 (1.0) | <0.001 |
Any sleep-related problem | No (%) | 354 (42.3) | 325 (46.3) | 29 (21.6) | <0.001 |
Yes (%) | 482 (57.7) | 377 (53.7) | 105 (78.4) |
Outcome | ||
---|---|---|
Bedtime problems (yes) | ||
OR | 95% CI | p-value |
1.19 | 1.09 to 1.30 | 0.001 |
Excessive daytime sleepiness (yes) | ||
1.17 | 1.07 to 1.28 | 0.002 |
Awakenings during the night (yes) | ||
1.25 | 1.13 to 1.36 | <0.001 |
Regularity and duration of sleep (yes) | ||
1.11 | 1.01 to 1.22 | 0.039 |
Snoring (yes) | ||
1.09 | 0.91 to 1.27 | 0.346 |
Any sleep-related problem (yes) | ||
1.30 | 1.17 to 1.43 | <0.001 |
Outcome | |||
---|---|---|---|
Bedtime problems (yes) | |||
Predictor | OR | 95% CI | p-value |
Food security | Reference | ||
Food insecurity | 2.15 | 1.19 to 3.30 | 0.003 |
Excessive daytime sleepiness (yes) | |||
Food security | Reference | ||
Food insecurity | 2.32 | 1.25 to 3.50 | <0.001 |
Awakenings during the night (yes) | |||
Food security | Reference | ||
Food insecurity | 2.50 | 1.39 to 4.01 | 0.004 |
Regularity and duration of sleep (yes) | |||
Food security | Reference | ||
Food insecurity | 1.47 | 0.97 to 2.21 | 0.068 |
Snoring (yes) | |||
Food security | Reference | ||
Food insecurity | 1.10 | 0.47 to 2.54 | 0.828 |
Any sleep-related problem (yes) | |||
Food security | Reference | ||
Food insecurity | 2.62 | 1.65 to 4.18 | <0.001 |
Outcome | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bedtime Problems | Excessive Daytime Sleepiness | Awakenings During the Night | Regularity and Duration of Sleep | Snoring | Any Sleep-Related Problem | |
Predictor | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
Item 1: Worry | 1.58 (1.05 to 2.36) | 1.57 (1.08 to 2.28) | Removed at step 4 | Removed at step 8 | Removed at step 3 | Removed at step 7 |
Item 2: Food run out | Removed at step 2 | Removed at step 6 | Removed at step 1 | Removed at step 2 | Removed at step 5 | Removed at step 6 |
Item 3: Cheap food | Removed at step 7 | Removed at step 2 | Removed at step 5 | Removed at step 5 | Removed at step 6 | Removed at step 2 |
Item 4: Balanced meal | Removed at step 5 | Removed at step 3 | 3.56 (2.11 to 6.02) | Removed at step 1 | Removed at step 2 | 1.87 (1.07 to 2.66) |
Item 5: Eat less | Removed at step 1 | Removed at step 1 | Removed at step 2 | 2.03 (1.07 to 3.88) | Removed at step 4 | Removed at step 4 |
Item 6: Meals cut | Removed at step 6 | Removed at step 5 | Removed at step 8 | Removed at step 4 | Removed at step 9 | Removed at step 3 |
Item 7: Skip meal | 2.34 (1.06 to 5.18) | Removed at step 6 | Removed at step 7 | Removed at step 3 | Removed at step 8 | Removed at step 5 |
Item 8: Hungry | Removed at step 4 | 2.34 (1.20 to 4.57) | Removed at step 3 | Removed at step 7 | Removed at step 7 | 3.19 (1.26 to 8.09) |
Item 9: Not eat for a whole day | Removed at step 3 | Removed at step 4 | Removed at step 6 | Removed at step 6 | Removed at step 1 | Removed at step 1 |
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de Camargo, E.M.; Gutiérrez-Espinoza, H.; López-Gil, J.F. Food Insecurity and Sleep-Related Problems in Adolescents: Findings from the EHDLA Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1960. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121960
de Camargo EM, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, López-Gil JF. Food Insecurity and Sleep-Related Problems in Adolescents: Findings from the EHDLA Study. Nutrients. 2024; 16(12):1960. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121960
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Camargo, Edina Maria, Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza, and José Francisco López-Gil. 2024. "Food Insecurity and Sleep-Related Problems in Adolescents: Findings from the EHDLA Study" Nutrients 16, no. 12: 1960. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121960
APA Stylede Camargo, E. M., Gutiérrez-Espinoza, H., & López-Gil, J. F. (2024). Food Insecurity and Sleep-Related Problems in Adolescents: Findings from the EHDLA Study. Nutrients, 16(12), 1960. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121960