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Nutrients
Volume 16
Issue 1
10.3390/nu16010035
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Review

Portal Hypertension in Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Decompensated Cirrhosis—Pathogenesis, Implications and Therapeutic Opportunities

by
Ryma Terbah
1,2,
Adam Testro
1,2,
Paul Gow
1,2,
Avik Majumdar
1,2 and
Marie Sinclair
1,2,*
1
Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
2
Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010035
Submission received: 3 December 2023 / Revised: 18 December 2023 / Accepted: 19 December 2023 / Published: 21 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Support in Transplantation)
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Abstract

Malnutrition and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and are associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Their pathophysiology is complex and multifactorial, with protein-calorie malnutrition, systemic inflammation, reduced glycogen stores and hormonal imbalances all well reported. The direct contribution of portal hypertension to these driving factors is however not widely documented in the literature. This review details the specific mechanisms by which portal hypertension directly contributes to the development of malnutrition and sarcopenia in cirrhosis. We summarise the existing literature describing treatment strategies that specifically aim to reduce portal pressures and their impact on nutritional and muscle outcomes, which is particularly relevant to those with end-stage disease awaiting liver transplantation.
Keywords: cirrhosis; portal hypertension; sarcopenia; malnutrition cirrhosis; portal hypertension; sarcopenia; malnutrition

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MDPI and ACS Style

Terbah, R.; Testro, A.; Gow, P.; Majumdar, A.; Sinclair, M. Portal Hypertension in Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Decompensated Cirrhosis—Pathogenesis, Implications and Therapeutic Opportunities. Nutrients 2024, 16, 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010035

AMA Style

Terbah R, Testro A, Gow P, Majumdar A, Sinclair M. Portal Hypertension in Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Decompensated Cirrhosis—Pathogenesis, Implications and Therapeutic Opportunities. Nutrients. 2024; 16(1):35. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010035

Chicago/Turabian Style

Terbah, Ryma, Adam Testro, Paul Gow, Avik Majumdar, and Marie Sinclair. 2024. "Portal Hypertension in Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Decompensated Cirrhosis—Pathogenesis, Implications and Therapeutic Opportunities" Nutrients 16, no. 1: 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010035

APA Style

Terbah, R., Testro, A., Gow, P., Majumdar, A., & Sinclair, M. (2024). Portal Hypertension in Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Decompensated Cirrhosis—Pathogenesis, Implications and Therapeutic Opportunities. Nutrients, 16(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010035

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