Abalone Viscera Fermented with Aspergillus oryzae 001 Prevents Pressure Elevation by Inhibiting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material and Reagents
2.2. Fermentation by A. oryzae 001
2.3. Long-Term Administration Study
2.4. Purification of ACE Inhibitor Components
2.5. Identification of ACE Inhibitors
2.6. Estimation of Mode of Inhibition
2.7. Single-Dose ACE Inhibitor Study
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results & Discussion
3.1. Long-Term Dosing Study
3.2. Purification of ACE inhibitors
3.3. Identification of ACE Inhibitors
3.4. Estimation of Mode of Inhibition
3.5. Single-Dose Study of ACE Inhibitors in SHRs
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total Ingredients (g/kg) | Control | Unfermented | Fermented |
---|---|---|---|
β-Cornstarch | 392 | 345.5 | 345.5 |
Milk casein | 195 | 195 | 195 |
α-Cornstarch | 132 | 132 | 132 |
Sucrose | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Soybean oil | 70 | 70 | 70 |
Cellulose | 50 | 50 | 50 |
AIN-76 Mineral mixture | 35 | 35 | 35 |
AIN-76A Vitamin mixture | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
L-Cysteine | 3 | 3 | 3 |
TBHQ | 0.014 | 0.014 | 0.014 |
NaCl | 10 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
Abalone viscera | 0 | 50 | 50 |
Test Group | Control | Unfermented | Fermented |
---|---|---|---|
Kidney (g) | 2.56 ± 0.13 | 2.55 ± 0.14 | 2.47 ± 0.08 |
Liver (g) | 10.06 ± 0.47 | 10.34 ± 0.43 | 10.26 ± 0.38 |
Test Group | Control | Unfermented | Fermented |
---|---|---|---|
Glucose (mg/dL) | 119.0 ± 14.4 | 114.7 ± 32.7 | 133.6 ± 23.1 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 69.1 ± 16.2 | 78.9 ± 13.8 | 74.0 ± 14.4 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 76.0 ± 14.5 | 84.0 ± 11.3 | 74.4 ± 8.8 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 43.6 ± 2.9 | 42.1 ± 7.6 | 43.6 ± 7.2 |
Alanine aminotransferase activity (IU/L) | 25.3 ± 2.4 | 24.6 ± 1.2 | 24.3 ± 2.2 |
Aspartate aminotransferase activity (IU/L) | 33.0 ± 7.4 | 34.4 ± 7.1 | 31.1 ± 5.9 |
MWCO (kDa) | <3 | 3~10 | 10~30 | 30~100 | 100< | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fermented | IC50 (mg/mL) | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.58 | 0.42 | 0.38 |
Fraction weight (mg) | 451 | 42 | 18 | 10 | 24 | |
Unfermented | IC50 (mg/mL) | 0.68 | 0.49 | 0.85 | N.D. | 1.35 |
Fraction weight (mg) | 230 | 14 | 35 | N.D. | 36 |
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Iwamoto, N.; Sasaki, A.; Maizawa, T.; Hamada-Sato, N. Abalone Viscera Fermented with Aspergillus oryzae 001 Prevents Pressure Elevation by Inhibiting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme. Nutrients 2023, 15, 947. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040947
Iwamoto N, Sasaki A, Maizawa T, Hamada-Sato N. Abalone Viscera Fermented with Aspergillus oryzae 001 Prevents Pressure Elevation by Inhibiting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme. Nutrients. 2023; 15(4):947. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040947
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwamoto, Natsumi, Asahi Sasaki, Tomoaki Maizawa, and Naoko Hamada-Sato. 2023. "Abalone Viscera Fermented with Aspergillus oryzae 001 Prevents Pressure Elevation by Inhibiting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme" Nutrients 15, no. 4: 947. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040947