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Nutrients
Volume 13
Issue 7
10.3390/nu13072476
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Review

Effects of Bergamot Polyphenols on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

by
Jessica Maiuolo
1,2,
Cristina Carresi
1,2,
Micaela Gliozzi
1,2,
Vincenzo Musolino
1,2,
Federica Scarano
1,2,
Anna Rita Coppoletta
1,2,
Lorenza Guarnieri
1,2,
Saverio Nucera
1,2,
Miriam Scicchitano
1,2,
Francesca Bosco
1,2,
Stefano Ruga
1,2,
Maria Caterina Zito
1,2,
Roberta Macri
1,2,
Antonio Cardamone
1,2,
Maria Serra
1,2,
Rocco Mollace
1,3,
Annamaria Tavernese
1,2 and
Vincenzo Mollace
1,2,3,*
1
IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
2
Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
3
IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2476; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072476
Submission received: 30 June 2021 / Revised: 18 July 2021 / Accepted: 18 July 2021 / Published: 20 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutraceutical Supplements in Heart Failure)
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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the Western world. In order to safeguard the structure and the functionality of the myocardium, it is extremely important to adequately support the cardiomyocytes. Two cellular organelles of cardiomyocytes are essential for cell survival and to ensure proper functioning of the myocardium: mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are responsible for the energy metabolism of the myocardium, and regulate the processes that can lead to cell death. The sarcoplasmic reticulum preserves the physiological concentration of the calcium ion, and triggers processes to protect the structural and functional integrity of the proteins. The alterations of these organelles can damage myocardial functioning. A proper nutritional balance regarding the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients leads to a significant improvement in the symptoms and consequences of heart disease. In particular, the Mediterranean diet, characterized by a high consumption of plant-based foods, small quantities of red meat, and high quantities of olive oil, reduces and improves the pathological condition of patients with heart failure. In addition, nutritional support and nutraceutical supplementation in patients who develop heart failure can contribute to the protection of the failing myocardium. Since polyphenols have numerous beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, this review gathers what is known about the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich bergamot fruit on the cardiovascular system. In particular, the role of bergamot polyphenols in mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic dysfunctions in diabetic cardiomyopathy is reported.
Keywords: diabetic cardiomyopathy; myocardial metabolism; myocardial dysfunction; role of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum in the myocardium; bergamot polyphenols; bergamot polyphenolic fraction diabetic cardiomyopathy; myocardial metabolism; myocardial dysfunction; role of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum in the myocardium; bergamot polyphenols; bergamot polyphenolic fraction
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MDPI and ACS Style

Maiuolo, J.; Carresi, C.; Gliozzi, M.; Musolino, V.; Scarano, F.; Coppoletta, A.R.; Guarnieri, L.; Nucera, S.; Scicchitano, M.; Bosco, F.; et al. Effects of Bergamot Polyphenols on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072476

AMA Style

Maiuolo J, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Scarano F, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, et al. Effects of Bergamot Polyphenols on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Nutrients. 2021; 13(7):2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072476

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maiuolo, Jessica, Cristina Carresi, Micaela Gliozzi, Vincenzo Musolino, Federica Scarano, Anna Rita Coppoletta, Lorenza Guarnieri, Saverio Nucera, Miriam Scicchitano, Francesca Bosco, and et al. 2021. "Effects of Bergamot Polyphenols on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy" Nutrients 13, no. 7: 2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072476

APA Style

Maiuolo, J., Carresi, C., Gliozzi, M., Musolino, V., Scarano, F., Coppoletta, A. R., Guarnieri, L., Nucera, S., Scicchitano, M., Bosco, F., Ruga, S., Zito, M. C., Macri, R., Cardamone, A., Serra, M., Mollace, R., Tavernese, A., & Mollace, V. (2021). Effects of Bergamot Polyphenols on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Nutrients, 13(7), 2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072476

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