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Nutrients
Volume 13
Issue 4
10.3390/nu13041095
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Article

The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Thromboxane, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Homocysteine, and Vitamin D in Depressive Children and Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial

by
Zuzana Paduchová
1,†,
Barbora Katrenčíková
1,†,
Magdaléna Vaváková
1,
Lucia Laubertová
1,
Zuzana Nagyová
2,
Iveta Garaiova
3,
Zdenka Ďuračková
1,*,‡ and
Jana Trebatická
4,‡
1
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
2
Juvenalia, s.r.o, Pediatric Centre, Veľkoblahovská 44A, 929 01 Dunajská Streda, Slovakia
3
Research and Development Department, Cultech Ltd., Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Port Talbot SA12 7BZ, UK
4
Department of Paediatric Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The National Institute of Children’s Diseases, Comenius University, Limbová 1, 833 40 Bratislava, Slovakia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
‡
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Academic Editor: Barbara Meyer
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1095; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041095
Received: 2 March 2021 / Revised: 18 March 2021 / Accepted: 24 March 2021 / Published: 27 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omega-3 Supplementation and Human Behaviour)
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Abstract

In the DEPOXIN project, we have found that a high ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids (FA) is associated with worsening of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with depressive disorder (DD) and that the 12-week omega-3 FA supplementation modulates DD symptoms. Here we present our results of the secondary outcomes: the levels of thromboxane (TXB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), homocysteine (HCy) and vitamin D. Fifty-eight patients were randomized into two arms. One group received a fish oil emulsion enriched with omega-3 FA, and the other received a sunflower oil emulsion containing omega-6 FA, for 12 weeks. Depressive symptoms were evaluated, using the Child’s Depressive Inventory (CDI). The patients with DD had elevated TXB levels and decreased vitamin D levels, as compared to healthy controls. Both CDI and omega-6/omega-3 ratio correlated positively with TXB and negatively with BDNF at baseline. Compared to the omega-6 FA group, the supplementation with omega-3 FA for 12 weeks significantly reduced plasma TXB (p = 0.024) and increased BDNF (p = 0.011) levels. No changes in HCy and vitamin D were observed. Our results demonstrate the possible role of TXB and BDNF in the pathophysiology of DD and the benefits of omega-3 FA supplementation. The study was registered with the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN81655012). View Full-Text
Keywords: depressive disorder; omega-3 fatty acids; thromboxane; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; homocysteine; vitamin D; children and adolescents depressive disorder; omega-3 fatty acids; thromboxane; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; homocysteine; vitamin D; children and adolescents
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Paduchová, Z.; Katrenčíková, B.; Vaváková, M.; Laubertová, L.; Nagyová, Z.; Garaiova, I.; Ďuračková, Z.; Trebatická, J. The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Thromboxane, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Homocysteine, and Vitamin D in Depressive Children and Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041095

AMA Style

Paduchová Z, Katrenčíková B, Vaváková M, Laubertová L, Nagyová Z, Garaiova I, Ďuračková Z, Trebatická J. The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Thromboxane, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Homocysteine, and Vitamin D in Depressive Children and Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4):1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041095

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paduchová, Zuzana, Barbora Katrenčíková, Magdaléna Vaváková, Lucia Laubertová, Zuzana Nagyová, Iveta Garaiova, Zdenka Ďuračková, and Jana Trebatická. 2021. "The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Thromboxane, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Homocysteine, and Vitamin D in Depressive Children and Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial" Nutrients 13, no. 4: 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041095

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