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Nutrients
Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/nu13020387
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Review

Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex

by
Rami S. Najjar
1,†,
Casey G. Turner
2,†,
Brett J. Wong
2 and
Rafaela G. Feresin
1,*
1
Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
2
Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 387; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020387
Submission received: 15 December 2020 / Revised: 21 January 2021 / Accepted: 22 January 2021 / Published: 27 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender and Diet Interaction in Cardiovascular Disease)
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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, pathogenesis, and manifestation is differentially influenced by biological sex. Berry polyphenols target several signaling pathways pertinent to CVD development, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac and vascular remodeling, and there are innate differences in these pathways that also vary by sex. There is limited research systematically investigating sex differences in berry polyphenol effects on these pathways, but there are fundamental findings at this time that suggest a sex-specific effect. This review will detail mechanisms within these pathological pathways, how they differ by sex, and how they may be individually targeted by berry polyphenols in a sex-specific manner. Because of the substantial polyphenolic profile of berries, berry consumption represents a promising interventional tool in the treatment and prevention of CVD in both sexes, but the mechanisms in which they function within each sex may vary.
Keywords: polyphenols; berries; sex hormones; sex differences; cardiovascular disease; inflammation; oxidative stress; apoptosis; remodeling; heart failure polyphenols; berries; sex hormones; sex differences; cardiovascular disease; inflammation; oxidative stress; apoptosis; remodeling; heart failure
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MDPI and ACS Style

Najjar, R.S.; Turner, C.G.; Wong, B.J.; Feresin, R.G. Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex. Nutrients 2021, 13, 387. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020387

AMA Style

Najjar RS, Turner CG, Wong BJ, Feresin RG. Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2):387. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020387

Chicago/Turabian Style

Najjar, Rami S., Casey G. Turner, Brett J. Wong, and Rafaela G. Feresin. 2021. "Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex" Nutrients 13, no. 2: 387. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020387

APA Style

Najjar, R. S., Turner, C. G., Wong, B. J., & Feresin, R. G. (2021). Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex. Nutrients, 13(2), 387. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020387

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