Data-Driven Dietary Patterns and Diet Quality Scores: Reproducibility and Consistency in Sex and Age Subgroups of Poles Aged 15–65 Years
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Approval
2.2. Participants and Study Design
2.3. Dietary Patterns
2.3.1. Diet Quality Scores
2.3.2. Data-Driven Dietary Patterns
2.4. Other Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Data-Driven DP Characteristics
3.3. Reproducibility of Data-Driven DPs
3.4. Reproducibility of Diet Quality Scores
3.5. Consistency of Data-Driven DPs with Diet Quality Scores
4. Discussion
4.1. Reproducibility of Data-Driven DPs
4.2. Reproducibility of Diet Quality Scores
4.3. Consistency of Data-Driven DPs with Diet Quality Scores
4.4. Differences across Sex and Age Subgroups
4.5. Implications for Future Studies
4.6. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total Sample | Sex | Age (Years) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | p | 15–17 | 18–24 | 25–44 | 45–65 | p | |||
n | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||
Sample size (n) | 504 | 224 | 280 | 145 | 146 | 107 | 106 | |||
Sample percentage (%) | 100.0 | 44.4 | 55.6 | 28.8 | 29.0 | 21.2 | 21.0 | |||
Sex | 0.0003 | |||||||||
male | 224 | 44.4 | - | - | 44.8 | 31.5 | 47.7 | 58.5 | ||
female | 280 | 55.6 | - | - | 55.2 | 68.5 | 52.3 | 41.5 | ||
Age (years) | 0.0003 | |||||||||
15–17 | 145 | 28.8 | 29.0 | 28.6 | - | - | - | - | ||
18–24 | 146 | 29.0 | 20.5 | 35.7 | - | - | - | - | ||
25–44 | 107 | 21.2 | 22.8 | 20.0 | - | - | - | - | ||
45–65 | 106 | 21.0 | 27.7 | 15.7 | - | - | - | - | ||
Place of residence | 0.0034 | <0.0001 | ||||||||
village | 183 | 36.3 | 43.3 | 30.7 | 34.5 | 38.4 | 44.9 | 27.4 | ||
town | 188 | 37.3 | 29.9 | 43.2 | 53.8 | 35.6 | 24.3 | 30.2 | ||
city (>100,000 inhabitants) | 133 | 26.4 | 26.8 | 26.1 | 11.7 | 26.0 | 30.8 | 42.5 | ||
Economic situation of family | 0.0292 | 0.1810 | ||||||||
below average | 30 | 6.0 | 8.5 | 3.9 | 8.3 | 2.1 | 6.5 | 7.5 | ||
average | 370 | 73.4 | 68.3 | 77.5 | 75.9 | 73.3 | 73.8 | 69.8 | ||
above average | 104 | 20.6 | 23.2 | 18.6 | 15.9 | 24.7 | 19.6 | 22.6 | ||
Education level (adults) 1 | 0.2131 | 0.0395 | ||||||||
primary/lower secondary | 46 | 13.1 | 16.6 | 10.3 | NA | 13.7 | 8.4 | 17.0 | ||
upper secondary | 119 | 33.8 | 31.8 | 35.4 | 41.0 | 32.7 | 25.5 | |||
higher | 187 | 53.1 | 51.6 | 54.4 | 45.3 | 58.9 | 57.5 |
Variables | Total Sample | Sex | Age (Years) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | 15–17 | 18–24 | 25–44 | 45–65 | ||
Sample size (n) | 504 | 224 | 280 | 145 | 146 | 107 | 106 |
Tucker’s congruence coefficient | |||||||
Prudent DP (test vs. retest) | 0.97 | 0.65 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.91 |
Western DP (test vs. retest) | 0.94 | 0.68 | 0.89 | 0.83 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.86 |
Intraclass correlation coefficient 1 | |||||||
Prudent DP (test vs. retest) | 0.83 | 0.56 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.75 |
Western DP (test vs. retest) | 0.76 | 0.57 | 0.67 | 0.61 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.62 |
pHDI-10 (test vs. retest) | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.84 |
nHDI-14 (test vs. retest) | 0.81 | 0.84 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.76 |
Spearman’s correlation coefficient 2 | |||||||
Prudent DP vs. pHDI-10 (test) | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.63 | 0.88 | 0.90 |
Western DP vs. nHDI-14 (test) | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.60 | 0.66 | 0.79 | 0.75 |
Variables | Total Sample | Sex | p | Age (Years) | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | 15–17 | 18–24 | 25–44 | 45–65 | ||||
Sample size | 504 | 224 | 280 | 145 | 146 | 107 | 106 | ||
Prudent DP (test vs. retest) | |||||||||
Total agreement | 74.2 | 53.1 | 68.9 | 0.0002 | 67.6 | 66.4 | 72.0 | 65.1 | 0.5511 |
±1 category | 23.4 | 39.7 | 29.3 | 29.0 | 31.5 | 28.0 | 31.1 | ||
±2 category | 2.4 | 7.1 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 3.8 | ||
Kappa statistic | 0.61 | 0.30 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.48 | ||
(95% CI) | (0.56–0.67) | (0.20–0.39) | (0.45–0.62) | (0.40–0.63) | (0.38–0.61) | (0.45–0.71) | (0.34–0.61) | ||
Western DP (test vs. retest) | |||||||||
Total agreement | 70.8 | 52.2 | 63.2 | 0.0434 | 53.1 | 75.3 | 72.0 | 66.0 | 0.0020 |
±1 category | 25.6 | 42.0 | 31.8 | 40.0 | 21.9 | 27.1 | 29.2 | ||
±2 category | 3.6 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 6.9 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 4.7 | ||
Kappa statistic | 0.56 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.30 | 0.63 | 0.58 | 0.49 | ||
(95% CI) | (0.50–0.62) | (0.19–0.38) | (0.36–0.53) | (0.17–0.42) | (0.53–0.73) | (0.45–0.71) | (0.36–0.63) | ||
pHDI-10 (test vs. retest) | |||||||||
Total agreement | 78.2 | 78.1 | 74.3 | 0.4528 | 78.6 | 76.0 | 79.4 | 75.5 | 0.7638 |
±1 category | 19.6 | 18.8 | 23.2 | 18.6 | 19.9 | 19.6 | 22.6 | ||
±2 category | 2.2 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 1.9 | ||
Kappa statistic | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.61 | 0.68 | 0.64 | 0.69 | 0.63 | ||
(95% CI) | (0.62–0.73) | (0.59–0.75) | (0.54–0.69) | (0.58–0.78) | (0.54–0.74) | (0.58–0.81) | (0.51–0.75) | ||
nHDI-14 (test vs. retest) | |||||||||
Total agreement | 77.4 | 77.2 | 71.4 | 0.2002 | 69.7 | 78.1 | 83.2 | 70.8 | 0.0907 |
±1 category | 19.4 | 21.4 | 25.4 | 24.8 | 19.2 | 16.8 | 24.5 | ||
±2 category | 3.2 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 4.7 | ||
Kappa statistic | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.56 | ||
(95% CI) | (0.61–0.72) | (0.58–0.74) | (0.49–0.65) | (0.43–0.66) | (0.57–0.77) | (0.64–0.85) | (0.43–0.69) | ||
Prudent DP vs. pHDI-10 (test) | |||||||||
Total agreement | 79.8 | 78.6 | 80.0 | 0.5986 | 75.9 | 54.1 | 74.8 | 77.4 | 0.0001 |
±1 category | 20.0 | 21.4 | 19.6 | 24.1 | 41.1 | 24.3 | 21.7 | ||
±2 category | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 4.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | ||
Kappa statistic | 0.70 | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.64 | 0.31 | 0.62 | 0.66 | ||
(95% CI) | (0.64–0.75) | (0.60–0.76) | (0.63–0.77) | (0.53–0.74) | (0.19–0.43) | (0.50–0.74) | (0.54–0.78) | ||
Western DP vs. nHDI-14 (test) | |||||||||
Total agreement | 65.5 | 66.5 | 62.9 | 0.6929 | 59.3 | 53.4 | 72.9 | 63.2 | 0.0432 |
±1 category | 33.5 | 30.8 | 34.3 | 34.5 | 43.2 | 24.3 | 34.0 | ||
±2 category | 1.0 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 6.2 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.8 | ||
Kappa statistic | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 0.39 | 0.30 | 0.59 | 0.45 | ||
(95% CI) | (0.42–0.54) | (0.41–0.59) | (0.36–0.53) | (0.27–0.51) | (0.18–0.42) | (0.47–0.72) | (0.31–0.59) |
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Kowalkowska, J.; Wadolowska, L.; Czarnocinska, J.; Galinski, G.; Dlugosz, A.; Loboda, D.; Czlapka-Matyasik, M. Data-Driven Dietary Patterns and Diet Quality Scores: Reproducibility and Consistency in Sex and Age Subgroups of Poles Aged 15–65 Years. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3598. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123598
Kowalkowska J, Wadolowska L, Czarnocinska J, Galinski G, Dlugosz A, Loboda D, Czlapka-Matyasik M. Data-Driven Dietary Patterns and Diet Quality Scores: Reproducibility and Consistency in Sex and Age Subgroups of Poles Aged 15–65 Years. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3598. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123598
Chicago/Turabian StyleKowalkowska, Joanna, Lidia Wadolowska, Jolanta Czarnocinska, Grzegorz Galinski, Anna Dlugosz, Dorota Loboda, and Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik. 2020. "Data-Driven Dietary Patterns and Diet Quality Scores: Reproducibility and Consistency in Sex and Age Subgroups of Poles Aged 15–65 Years" Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3598. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123598