Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence
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Sanofi Consumer Healthcare, Global Medical Nutritionals, 94250 Gentilly, France
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Sanofi Consumer Healthcare, 04000 México City, Mexico
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Sanofi Consumer Healthcare, 34394 Beşiktaş Istanbul, Turkey
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Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Victoria, VIC 3122, Australia
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2020, 12(1), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010228
Received: 23 December 2019 / Revised: 10 January 2020 / Accepted: 11 January 2020 / Published: 16 January 2020
Vitamins and minerals are essential to humans as they play essential roles in a variety of basic metabolic pathways that support fundamental cellular functions. In particular, their involvement in energy-yielding metabolism, DNA synthesis, oxygen transport, and neuronal functions makes them critical for brain and muscular function. These, in turn, translate into effects on cognitive and psychological processes, including mental and physical fatigue. This review is focused on B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B8, B9 and B12), vitamin C, iron, magnesium and zinc, which have recognized roles in these outcomes. It summarizes the biochemical bases and actions of these micronutrients at both the molecular and cellular levels and connects them with cognitive and psychological symptoms, as well as manifestations of fatigue that may occur when status or supplies of these micronutrients are not adequate.
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Keywords:
B vitamins; vitamin C; iron; magnesium; zinc; energy production; mental and physical fatigue; anemia; cognition; mood.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Tardy, A.-L.; Pouteau, E.; Marquez, D.; Yilmaz, C.; Scholey, A. Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence. Nutrients 2020, 12, 228.
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