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Nutrients
Volume 11
Issue 9
10.3390/nu11092137
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Article

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Toxoplasma gondii Infection by Inducing Autophagy via AMPK Activation

by
Jae-Won Choi
1,2,3,†,
Jina Lee
1,2,3,†,
Jae-Hyung Lee
1,2,3,
Byung-Joon Park
1,2,3,
Eun Jin Lee
1,2,3,
Soyeon Shin
4,
Guang-Ho Cha
1,2,
Young-Ha Lee
1,2,
Kyu Lim
4,* and
Jae-Min Yuk
1,2,3,*
1
Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
2
Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
3
Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
4
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2019, 11(9), 2137; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092137
Received: 18 July 2019 / Revised: 30 August 2019 / Accepted: 4 September 2019 / Published: 6 September 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Relations between Nutrition and Infectious Diseases at the Epoch of Microbiota)
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Abstract

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) have potential protective activity in a variety of infectious diseases, but their actions and underlying mechanisms in Toxoplasma gondii infection remain poorly understood. Here, we report that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) robustly induced autophagy in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Treatment of T. gondii-infected macrophages with DHA resulted in colocalization of Toxoplasma parasitophorous vacuoles with autophagosomes and reduced intracellular survival of T. gondii. The autophagic and anti-Toxoplasma effects induced by DHA were mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Importantly, BMDMs isolated from Fat-1 transgenic mice, a well-known animal model capable of synthesizing ω3-PUFAs from ω6-PUFAs, showed increased activation of autophagy and AMPK, leading to reduced intracellular survival of T. gondii when compared with wild-type BMDMs. Moreover, Fat-1 transgenic mice exhibited lower cyst burden in the brain following infection with the avirulent strain ME49 than wild-type mice. Collectively, our results revealed mechanisms by which endogenous ω3-PUFAs and DHA control T. gondii infection and suggest that ω3-PUFAs might serve as therapeutic candidate to prevent toxoplasmosis and infection with other intracellular protozoan parasites. View Full-Text
Keywords: omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; autophagy; AMP-activated protein kinase; Fat-1 transgenic mice; Toxoplasma gondii; bone marrow-derived macrophages omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; autophagy; AMP-activated protein kinase; Fat-1 transgenic mice; Toxoplasma gondii; bone marrow-derived macrophages
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MDPI and ACS Style

Choi, J.-W.; Lee, J.; Lee, J.-H.; Park, B.-J.; Lee, E.J.; Shin, S.; Cha, G.-H.; Lee, Y.-H.; Lim, K.; Yuk, J.-M. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Toxoplasma gondii Infection by Inducing Autophagy via AMPK Activation. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2137. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092137

AMA Style

Choi J-W, Lee J, Lee J-H, Park B-J, Lee EJ, Shin S, Cha G-H, Lee Y-H, Lim K, Yuk J-M. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Toxoplasma gondii Infection by Inducing Autophagy via AMPK Activation. Nutrients. 2019; 11(9):2137. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092137

Chicago/Turabian Style

Choi, Jae-Won, Jina Lee, Jae-Hyung Lee, Byung-Joon Park, Eun J. Lee, Soyeon Shin, Guang-Ho Cha, Young-Ha Lee, Kyu Lim, and Jae-Min Yuk. 2019. "Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Toxoplasma gondii Infection by Inducing Autophagy via AMPK Activation" Nutrients 11, no. 9: 2137. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092137

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