Dietary Fructose and the Metabolic Syndrome
1
Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Medicine Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
2
Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
3
Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2019, 11(9), 1987; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11091987
Received: 4 July 2019
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Revised: 6 August 2019
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Accepted: 8 August 2019
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Published: 22 August 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome: From Etiology to Prevention and Clinical Management)
Consumption of fructose, the sweetest of all naturally occurring carbohydrates, has increased dramatically in the last 40 years and is today commonly used commercially in soft drinks, juice, and baked goods. These products comprise a large proportion of the modern diet, in particular in children, adolescents, and young adults. A large body of evidence associate consumption of fructose and other sugar-sweetened beverages with insulin resistance, intrahepatic lipid accumulation, and hypertriglyceridemia. In the long term, these risk factors may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Fructose is absorbed in the small intestine and metabolized in the liver where it stimulates fructolysis, glycolysis, lipogenesis, and glucose production. This may result in hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying intestinal and hepatic fructose metabolism is important. Here we review recent evidence linking excessive fructose consumption to health risk markers and development of components of the Metabolic Syndrome.
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Keywords:
fructose; metabolic syndrome; hypertriglyceridemia; metabolism
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MDPI and ACS Style
Taskinen, M.-R.; Packard, C.J.; Borén, J. Dietary Fructose and the Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1987. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11091987
AMA Style
Taskinen M-R, Packard CJ, Borén J. Dietary Fructose and the Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. 2019; 11(9):1987. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11091987
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaskinen, Marja-Riitta, Chris J. Packard, and Jan Borén. 2019. "Dietary Fructose and the Metabolic Syndrome" Nutrients 11, no. 9: 1987. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11091987
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