The Effect of an Encapsulated Nutrient Mixture on Food Intake and Satiety: A Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Proof of Concept Study
by
Annick M. E. Alleleyn 1,2,*,†
, Mark Van Avesaat 1,2,†, Dina Ripken 1,3,4, Sinéad B. Bleiel 5, Daniel Keszthelyi 2, Ellen Wilms 2, Freddy J. Troost 1,2,6, Henk F. J. Hendriks 1,‡ and Adrian A. M. Masclee 1,2,‡
Annick M. E. Alleleyn 1,2,*,†, Mark Van Avesaat 1,2,†, Dina Ripken 1,3,4, Sinéad B. Bleiel 5, Daniel Keszthelyi 2, Ellen Wilms 2, Freddy J. Troost 1,2,6, Henk F. J. Hendriks 1,‡ and Adrian A. M. Masclee 1,2,‡
1
Top Institute of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
2
Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
3
The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
4
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
5
AnaBio Technologies LTD., Innovation Centre, Carrigtwohill, T45 RW24 Cork, Ireland
6
Food Innovation and Health, Centre of Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, 5911 AA Venlo, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Both authors contributed equally to the manuscript.
‡
Both authors share senior authorship.
Nutrients 2018, 10(11), 1787; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111787
Received: 9 October 2018 / Revised: 10 November 2018 / Accepted: 14 November 2018 / Published: 17 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Energy Metabolism)
Activation of the intestinal brake by infusing nutrients into the distal small intestine with catheters inhibits food intake and enhances satiety. Encapsulation of macronutrients, which protects against digestion in the proximal gastrointestinal tract, can be a non-invasive alternative to activate this brake. In this study, we investigate the effect of oral ingestion of an encapsulated casein and sucrose mixture (active) targeting the distal small intestine versus a control product designed to be released in the stomach on food intake, satiety, and plasma glucose concentrations. Fifty-nine volunteers received the active and control product on two separate test days. Food intake was determined during an ad libitum meal 90 min after ingestion of the test product. Visual analogue scale scores for satiety and blood samples for glucose analysis were collected at regular intervals. Ingestion of the active product decreased food intake compared to the control product (655 kcal compared with 699 kcal, respectively, p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for hunger was decreased (p < 0.05) and AUC for satiety was increased (p < 0.01) after ingestion of the active product compared to the control product. Ingestion of an encapsulated protein-carbohydrate mixture resulted in inhibition of food intake compared to a non-encapsulated control product.
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Keywords:
satiety; encapsulated nutrient mixture; distal release; carbohydrate; protein; overweight; weight management
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MDPI and ACS Style
Alleleyn, A.M.E.; Van Avesaat, M.; Ripken, D.; Bleiel, S.B.; Keszthelyi, D.; Wilms, E.; Troost, F.J.; Hendriks, H.F.J.; Masclee, A.A.M. The Effect of an Encapsulated Nutrient Mixture on Food Intake and Satiety: A Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Proof of Concept Study. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1787.
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