Possible Prevention of Diabetes with a Gluten-Free Diet
The Bartholin Institute, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors shared senior authorship.
Nutrients 2018, 10(11), 1746; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111746
Received: 15 October 2018
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Revised: 6 November 2018
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Accepted: 7 November 2018
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Published: 13 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gluten-Free Diet)
Gluten seems a potentially important determinant in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Intake of gluten, a major component of wheat, rye, and barley, affects the microbiota and increases the intestinal permeability. Moreover, studies have demonstrated that gluten peptides, after crossing the intestinal barrier, lead to a more inflammatory milieu. Gluten peptides enter the pancreas where they affect the morphology and might induce beta-cell stress by enhancing glucose- and palmitate-stimulated insulin secretion. Interestingly, animal studies and a human study have demonstrated that a gluten-free (GF) diet during pregnancy reduces the risk of T1D. Evidence regarding the role of a GF diet in T2D is less clear. Some studies have linked intake of a GF diet to reduced obesity and T2D and suggested a role in reducing leptin- and insulin-resistance and increasing beta-cell volume. The current knowledge indicates that gluten, among many environmental factors, may be an aetiopathogenic factors for development of T1D and T2D. However, human intervention trials are needed to confirm this and the proposed mechanisms.
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Keywords:
beta cell; beta-cell stress; celiac disease; gluten-free diet; high-fat diet-induced obesity; intestinal permeability; islet of Langerhans; NOD mouse; type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes
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MDPI and ACS Style
Haupt-Jorgensen, M.; Holm, L.J.; Josefsen, K.; Buschard, K. Possible Prevention of Diabetes with a Gluten-Free Diet. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111746
AMA Style
Haupt-Jorgensen M, Holm LJ, Josefsen K, Buschard K. Possible Prevention of Diabetes with a Gluten-Free Diet. Nutrients. 2018; 10(11):1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111746
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaupt-Jorgensen, Martin, Laurits J. Holm, Knud Josefsen, and Karsten Buschard. 2018. "Possible Prevention of Diabetes with a Gluten-Free Diet" Nutrients 10, no. 11: 1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111746
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