The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Polyphenols and Inflammation
3. Polyphenol and Cytokine Modulation
4. Polyphenols, Inflammation, and Modulation of Different Signaling Pathways
4.1. NFκ B Signaling Pathway
4.2. MAPK Signaling Pathway
4.3. Arachidonic Acid Signaling Pathway
5. Polyphenols, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation
6. Polyphenols, Chronic Diseases and Cancer
6.1. Polyphenols and Insulin Resistance
6.2. Polyphenols and Inflammatory Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
6.3. Polyphenols and Inflammatory Neurological Diseases
6.4. Polyphenols and Inflammatory Obesity
6.5. Polyphenols and Cancer
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
COX | Cyclooxygenase |
NOX | NADPH oxidase |
SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
GSH | Glutathione |
Px | Peroxidase |
PLA2 | Phospholipase A2 |
PGs | Prostaglandins |
LTs | Leukotrienes |
MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein Kinase |
IKK | Inhibitor of kappa kinase |
NFκB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
Th1 | T helper 1 |
NK | Natural killer |
DCs | Dendritic cells |
ECGC | Epigallocatechin gallate |
Treg | Regulatory T cells |
AhR | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor |
iNOS | Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
MCP-1 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth Factor |
IL | Interleukin |
JNK | c-Jun amino-terminal kinases |
CREB | cAMP response element-binding protein |
AA | Arachidonic acid |
AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
ERK | Extra-cellular signal regulated kinases |
ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
PI3K | Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases |
Akt | Protein kinase B |
LDL | Low density lipoprotein |
HDL | High density lipoprotein |
RNS | Reactive nitrogen species |
PPARγ | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma |
CYPs | Cytochrome P450 enzymes |
MMP-9 | Matrix metallopeptidase-9 |
NPC | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
CSCs | Cancer stem cells |
EMT | Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
FDA | Food and drug administration |
ICAM | Intercellular adhesion molecule |
VCAM | Vascular cell adhesion molecule |
HIV | Human immunodeficiency diarrhea |
HMG-CoA | 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A |
VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
TLR | Toll-like receptor |
NO | Nitric oxide |
eNOS | Endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
PDE | Phosphodiesterase |
ACE | Angiotensin converting enzyme |
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Yahfoufi, N.; Alsadi, N.; Jambi, M.; Matar, C. The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1618. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111618
Yahfoufi N, Alsadi N, Jambi M, Matar C. The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols. Nutrients. 2018; 10(11):1618. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111618
Chicago/Turabian StyleYahfoufi, Nour, Nawal Alsadi, Majed Jambi, and Chantal Matar. 2018. "The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols" Nutrients 10, no. 11: 1618. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111618