What is the Validity of Questionnaires Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Children when Compared with Blood Biomarkers? A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Selection
2.2. Eligibility Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Data Screening and Extraction
- Articles published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were identified;
- Titles of the articles were screened;
- Abstracts were screened; and
- The full texts of the articles were reviewed to determine whether they met the inclusion criteria.
2.4. Quality Assessment
2.5. Strategy for Data Synthesis
2.6. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Dietary Assessment Methods
4.2. Food Frequency Questionnaires
4.3. Web-Based Food Recall
4.4. Creativity
4.5. Administration Mode
4.6. Blood Biomarkers
4.7. Adjustment for Confounders
4.8. Methodological Quality
4.9. Bias
4.10. Heterogeneity between Studies in the Meta-Analysis
4.11. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Eligibility Criteria | |
---|---|
Population | Children (3 years to less than 10 years of age) in a free-living environment, without any specific condition (e.g., eating disorder, obesity, diabetes) or children under medical care. |
Exposure | Fruit and/or vegetable consumption estimated by questionnaire. |
Comparator | Blood biomarkers for fruit and/or vegetable consumption. |
Outcome | Validation coefficients of fruit and/or vegetable consumption. |
Study | Original articles. |
Reference | Survey Year | Country | Study/Article Title | Sample Age (Years) | Sample Size | Study Type | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n) | Girls (%) | ||||||
Byers et al. (1993) [24] | 1990 | USA | The accuracy of parental reports of their children’s intake of fruits and vegetables: Validation of a food frequency questionnaire with serum levels of carotenoids and vitamins C, A, and E. | 06 to 10 | 97 | 55.7 | Validity |
Medin et al. (2016) [25] | 2013 | Norway | Associations between reported intakes of carotenoid-rich foods and concentrations of carotenoids in plasma: A validation study of a web-based food recall for children and adolescents. | 08 to 09 12 to 14 | 121 | 55.6 | Validity |
Reference | Exposure Assessment Method | Period of Report | Report | Consumption | Supplements Assessed | Nutritional Database | Blood Biomarkers | Biochemical Method | Fasting Time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Byers et al. (1993) [24] | FFQ (111 food items) | Previous 3 months | Parental | Median fruits, fruit juice, and vegetables Girls: 3.7 Boys: 2.9 (serving/day) | Not declared | Willet | α-Carotene β-Carotene Cryptoxanthin α-tocopherol Ascorbic Acid | HLPC (carotenoids, vitamin A and E), Spectrophotometry (vitamin C) | Not required |
Medin et al. (2016) [25] | Web-based food recall | 4 consecutive nights | Parental | Median fruits, fruit juice, and vegetables: 225.1 (g/day) | Yes + supplements containing carotenoids | USDA National Nutrient Database | α-Carotene β-Carotene β-Cryptoxanthin Lycopene Lutein Zeaxanthin | HPLC | Non-fasting |
Reference | Correlations between diet and Blood | Criterion Validity | Covariates in Fully Adjusted Model | Conflict of Interest | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin A | Vitamin E | Vitamin C | |||||
Carotenoids | Retinol | ||||||
Byers et al. (1993) [24] | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.34 | Spearman | Age, sex, ethnicity, family history of coronary artery disease, BMI, TG, serum total cholesterol, total caloric intake | Not declared |
Medin et al. (2016) [25] | Vegetable intake: 0.47 | - | - | - | Spearman | Age, sex, ethnicity, family structure, BMI, parental education level | None |
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Collese, T.S.; Vatavuk-Serrati, G.; Nascimento-Ferreira, M.V.; De Moraes, A.C.F.; Carvalho, H.B. What is the Validity of Questionnaires Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Children when Compared with Blood Biomarkers? A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101396
Collese TS, Vatavuk-Serrati G, Nascimento-Ferreira MV, De Moraes ACF, Carvalho HB. What is the Validity of Questionnaires Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Children when Compared with Blood Biomarkers? A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2018; 10(10):1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101396
Chicago/Turabian StyleCollese, Tatiana S., Gabriela Vatavuk-Serrati, Marcus Vinicius Nascimento-Ferreira, Augusto César Ferreira De Moraes, and Heráclito Barbosa Carvalho. 2018. "What is the Validity of Questionnaires Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Children when Compared with Blood Biomarkers? A Meta-Analysis" Nutrients 10, no. 10: 1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101396
APA StyleCollese, T. S., Vatavuk-Serrati, G., Nascimento-Ferreira, M. V., De Moraes, A. C. F., & Carvalho, H. B. (2018). What is the Validity of Questionnaires Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Children when Compared with Blood Biomarkers? A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 10(10), 1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101396