Association between Diet-Quality Scores, Adiposity, Total Cholesterol and Markers of Nutritional Status in European Adults: Findings from the Food4Me Study

Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands

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UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

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ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, 85354 Munich, Germany

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Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece

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Microbiology and Systems Biology Group, TNO, 3704HE Zeist, The Netherlands

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Institute of Food and Nutrition (IZZ),02-903 Warsaw, Poland

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Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Alimentacion, 28049 Madrid, Spain

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Vitas Analytical Services, 0349 Oslo, Norway

¹⁴

Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway

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Nutrients 2018, 10(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010049

Received: 1 December 2017 / Revised: 22 December 2017 / Accepted: 28 December 2017 / Published: 6 January 2018

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns, Diet Quality and Human Health)

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Abstract

Diet-quality scores (DQS), which are developed across the globe, are used to define adherence to specific eating patterns and have been associated with risk of coronary heart disease and type-II diabetes. We explored the association between five diet-quality scores (Healthy Eating Index, HEI; Alternate Healthy Eating Index, AHEI; MedDietScore, MDS; PREDIMED Mediterranean Diet Score, P-MDS; Dutch Healthy Diet-Index, DHDI) and markers of metabolic health (anthropometry, objective physical activity levels (PAL), and dried blood spot total cholesterol (TC), total carotenoids, and omega-3 index) in the Food4Me cohort, using regression analysis. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Participants (n = 1480) were adults recruited from seven European Union (EU) countries. Overall, women had higher HEI and AHEI than men (p < 0.05), and scores varied significantly between countries. For all DQS, higher scores were associated with lower body mass index, lower waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference, and higher total carotenoids and omega-3-index (p trends < 0.05). Higher HEI, AHEI, DHDI, and P-MDS scores were associated with increased daily PAL, moderate and vigorous activity, and reduced sedentary behaviour (p trend < 0.05). We observed no association between DQS and TC. To conclude, higher DQS, which reflect better dietary patterns, were associated with markers of better nutritional status and metabolic health. View Full-Text

Keywords: diet scores; metabolic health; personalized nutrition; Healthy Eating Index; Mediterranean Diet Score; Dutch Healthy Diet Index; nutritional biomarkers; dried blood spots

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fallaize, R.; Livingstone, K.M.; Celis-Morales, C.; Macready, A.L.; San-Cristobal, R.; Navas-Carretero, S.; Marsaux, C.F.M.; O’Donovan, C.B.; Kolossa, S.; Moschonis, G.; Walsh, M.C.; Gibney, E.R.; Brennan, L.; Bouwman, J.; Manios, Y.; Jarosz, M.; Martinez, J.A.; Daniel, H.; Saris, W.H.M.; Gundersen, T.E.; Drevon, C.A.; Gibney, M.J.; Mathers, J.C.; Lovegrove, J.A. Association between Diet-Quality Scores, Adiposity, Total Cholesterol and Markers of Nutritional Status in European Adults: Findings from the Food4Me Study. Nutrients 2018, 10, 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010049

AMA Style

Fallaize R, Livingstone KM, Celis-Morales C, Macready AL, San-Cristobal R, Navas-Carretero S, Marsaux CFM, O’Donovan CB, Kolossa S, Moschonis G, Walsh MC, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Bouwman J, Manios Y, Jarosz M, Martinez JA, Daniel H, Saris WHM, Gundersen TE, Drevon CA, Gibney MJ, Mathers JC, Lovegrove JA. Association between Diet-Quality Scores, Adiposity, Total Cholesterol and Markers of Nutritional Status in European Adults: Findings from the Food4Me Study. Nutrients. 2018; 10(1):49. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010049

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fallaize, Rosalind, Katherine M. Livingstone, Carlos Celis-Morales, Anna L. Macready, Rodrigo San-Cristobal, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Cyril F.M. Marsaux, Clare B. O’Donovan, Silvia Kolossa, George Moschonis, Marianne C. Walsh, Eileen R. Gibney, Lorraine Brennan, Jildau Bouwman, Yannis Manios, Miroslaw Jarosz, J. A. Martinez, Hannelore Daniel, Wim H.M. Saris, Thomas E. Gundersen, Christian A. Drevon, Michael J. Gibney, John C. Mathers, and Julie A. Lovegrove. 2018. "Association between Diet-Quality Scores, Adiposity, Total Cholesterol and Markers of Nutritional Status in European Adults: Findings from the Food4Me Study" Nutrients 10, no. 1: 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010049

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Association between Diet-Quality Scores, Adiposity, Total Cholesterol and Markers of Nutritional Status in European Adults: Findings from the Food4Me Study

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