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Remote Sensing
Volume 17
Issue 24
10.3390/rs17244012
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Article

Validation of the CERES Clear-Sky Surface Longwave Downward Radiation Products Under Air Temperature Inversion

by
Hao Sun
1,2,
Qi Zeng
1,2,
Wanchun Zhang
3 and
Jie Cheng
1,2,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2
Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
3
The Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(24), 4012; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244012
Submission received: 21 October 2025 / Revised: 2 December 2025 / Accepted: 10 December 2025 / Published: 12 December 2025
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Abstract

This study assessed the performance of the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) surface longwave downward radiation (SLDR) products under the atmospheric temperature inversion (ATI) conditions for the first time. Three years of ground-measured SLDRs from 409 globally distributed stations across four flux networks were employed, and the collocated MODIS atmospheric profile product was used to identify the ATI profiles at each flux station. All three SLDR estimate algorithms (Models A, B, and C) show a pronounced accuracy decline under ATI conditions, regardless of region (polar or non-polar) or time of day (daytime or nighttime). Under ATI conditions, the Bias/RMSE increases by approximately 10.0/5.0 W/m2 for Models A and B, 5.0/1.0 W/m2 for Model C. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the concurrent atmospheric moisture inversion (AMI) compounds this degradation; both the Bias and RMSE increase with the AMI intensity. These results underscore the need to refine CERES SLDR algorithms in the future.
Keywords: ATI; SLDR; CERES; SBDART; surface radiation budget ATI; SLDR; CERES; SBDART; surface radiation budget

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sun, H.; Zeng, Q.; Zhang, W.; Cheng, J. Validation of the CERES Clear-Sky Surface Longwave Downward Radiation Products Under Air Temperature Inversion. Remote Sens. 2025, 17, 4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244012

AMA Style

Sun H, Zeng Q, Zhang W, Cheng J. Validation of the CERES Clear-Sky Surface Longwave Downward Radiation Products Under Air Temperature Inversion. Remote Sensing. 2025; 17(24):4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244012

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sun, Hao, Qi Zeng, Wanchun Zhang, and Jie Cheng. 2025. "Validation of the CERES Clear-Sky Surface Longwave Downward Radiation Products Under Air Temperature Inversion" Remote Sensing 17, no. 24: 4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244012

APA Style

Sun, H., Zeng, Q., Zhang, W., & Cheng, J. (2025). Validation of the CERES Clear-Sky Surface Longwave Downward Radiation Products Under Air Temperature Inversion. Remote Sensing, 17(24), 4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244012

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