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Remote Sensing
Volume 15
Issue 6
10.3390/rs15061553
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Article

On the Ion Line Calibration by Plasma Line in ISR Measurements

by
Xinan Yue
1,2,3,*,
Fanyu Liu
1,2,3,
Junyi Wang
1,2,3,
Yonghui Wang
1,2,3,
Yihui Cai
1,2,3,
Feng Ding
1,2,3,
Baiqi Ning
1,3,
Mingyuan Li
1,3,
Ning Zhang
1,3,
Zhongqiu Wang
1,2,3 and
Su Xu
1,2,3
1
Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
2
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(6), 1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061553
Submission received: 12 February 2023 / Accepted: 10 March 2023 / Published: 12 March 2023
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Abstract

The radar constant calibration in incoherent scatter radar ion line processing is essential for the data quality and was not paid enough attention in previous studies. In this investigation, based on several experiments made by the newly built Sanya incoherent scatter radar (SYISR), we made and evaluated the ion line calibration by plasma line both in case study and statistically. The calibration factor had local time and altitude variations, due to the corresponding variations of the transmitted power, the radar gain, and the noise temperature. We obtained a mean calibration factor of 1.35 by the simultaneous measured plasma line and ion line electron density and applied it to a one-month ion line observation calibration. Through a co-located ionosonde measured foF2 evaluation, the calibration decreased the mean deviation from −1.92 MHz (−18%) to −0.33 MHz (−3%), which resulted in much better agreement between the ion line foF2 after calibration and the ionosonde results. The existed deviations between after calibration and ionosonde results were due to the uncertainties either in the used calibration factor or the ionosonde measurements. An empirical Te/Ti usage in raw electron density estimation and ignoring the seasonal and short-term variations of the effecting factors might influence the calibration performance. Using the to-be-completed SYISR Tristatic System, the performance of plasma line calibration technique is expected to be improved in the future.
Keywords: incoherent scatter radar; calibration; ion line; plasma line; SYISR; ionosonde incoherent scatter radar; calibration; ion line; plasma line; SYISR; ionosonde

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yue, X.; Liu, F.; Wang, J.; Wang, Y.; Cai, Y.; Ding, F.; Ning, B.; Li, M.; Zhang, N.; Wang, Z.; et al. On the Ion Line Calibration by Plasma Line in ISR Measurements. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061553

AMA Style

Yue X, Liu F, Wang J, Wang Y, Cai Y, Ding F, Ning B, Li M, Zhang N, Wang Z, et al. On the Ion Line Calibration by Plasma Line in ISR Measurements. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(6):1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061553

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue, Xinan, Fanyu Liu, Junyi Wang, Yonghui Wang, Yihui Cai, Feng Ding, Baiqi Ning, Mingyuan Li, Ning Zhang, Zhongqiu Wang, and et al. 2023. "On the Ion Line Calibration by Plasma Line in ISR Measurements" Remote Sensing 15, no. 6: 1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061553

APA Style

Yue, X., Liu, F., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Cai, Y., Ding, F., Ning, B., Li, M., Zhang, N., Wang, Z., & Xu, S. (2023). On the Ion Line Calibration by Plasma Line in ISR Measurements. Remote Sensing, 15(6), 1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061553

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