Underwater Hyperspectral Imaging System with Liquid Lenses

Liu, Bohan; Men, Shaojie; Ding, Zhongjun; Li, Dewei; Zhao, Zhigang; He, Jiahao; Ju, Haochen; Shen, Mengling; Yu, Qiuyuan; Liu, Zhaojun

doi:10.3390/rs15030544

Open AccessArticle

Underwater Hyperspectral Imaging System with Liquid Lenses

by

Bohan Liu

^1,2

,

Shaojie Men

^1,2,*

,

Zhongjun Ding

³,

Dewei Li

³,

Zhigang Zhao

^1,2,

Jiahao He

¹,

Haochen Ju

^1,2,

Mengling Shen

^1,2,

Qiuyuan Yu

¹ and

Zhaojun Liu

^1,2

¹

School of Information Science & Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China

²

Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China

³

National Deep Sea Center, Qingdao 266061, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Remote Sens. 2023, 15(3), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030544

Submission received: 1 December 2022 / Revised: 5 January 2023 / Accepted: 13 January 2023 / Published: 17 January 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancement in Undersea Remote Sensing)

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Abstract

The underwater hyperspectral imager enables the detection and identification of targets on the seafloor by collecting high-resolution spectral images. The distance between the hyperspectral imager and the targets cannot be consistent in real operation by factors such as motion and fluctuating terrain, resulting in unfocused images and negative effects on the identification. In this paper, we developed a novel integrated underwater hyperspectral imaging system for deep sea surveys and proposed an autofocus strategy based on liquid lens focusing transfer. The calibration tests provided a clear focus result for hyperspectral transects and a global spectral resolution of less than 7 nm in spectral range from 400 to 800 nm. The prototype was used to obtain spectrum and image information of manganese nodules and four other rocks in a laboratory environment. The classification of the five kinds of minerals was successfully realized by using a support vector machine. We tested the UHI prototype in the deep sea and observed a Psychropotidae specimen on the sediment from the in situ hyperspectral images. The results show that the prototype developed here can accurately and stably obtain hyperspectral data and has potential applications for in situ deep-sea exploration.

Keywords: marine observation; underwater hyperspectral imaging; liquid lens; focusing transfer; spectral and radiometric calibration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, B.; Men, S.; Ding, Z.; Li, D.; Zhao, Z.; He, J.; Ju, H.; Shen, M.; Yu, Q.; Liu, Z. Underwater Hyperspectral Imaging System with Liquid Lenses. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 544. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030544

AMA Style

Liu B, Men S, Ding Z, Li D, Zhao Z, He J, Ju H, Shen M, Yu Q, Liu Z. Underwater Hyperspectral Imaging System with Liquid Lenses. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(3):544. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030544

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Bohan, Shaojie Men, Zhongjun Ding, Dewei Li, Zhigang Zhao, Jiahao He, Haochen Ju, Mengling Shen, Qiuyuan Yu, and Zhaojun Liu. 2023. "Underwater Hyperspectral Imaging System with Liquid Lenses" Remote Sensing 15, no. 3: 544. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030544

APA Style

Liu, B., Men, S., Ding, Z., Li, D., Zhao, Z., He, J., Ju, H., Shen, M., Yu, Q., & Liu, Z. (2023). Underwater Hyperspectral Imaging System with Liquid Lenses. Remote Sensing, 15(3), 544. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030544

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