Retrieval of O3, NO2, BrO and OClO Columns from Ground-Based Zenith Scattered Light DOAS Measurements in Summer and Autumn over the Northern Tibetan Plateau
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site and Instrument
2.2. Spectral Retrieval
2.3. Langley Plot Method
2.4. OMI Product
3. Results
3.1. Overview on the Variations of the dSCDs with SZA
3.2. O3 Vertical Column Densities (VCDs)
3.2.1. O3 VCD Sensitivities to AMF Simulation Parameters
3.2.2. Variation of the O3 VCD and Comparison with the OMI Product
3.3. NO2 Vertical Column Densities (VCDs)
3.4. Temporal Variation of the BrO dSCDs
=(dSCD90° + SCDref)–(dSCD80° + SCDref)
=dSCD90°–dSCD80°
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- O3 VCDs, derived by the Langley plot method, are sensitive to the wavelength, the a priori O3 profile, and the aerosol extinction profile used in the AMF simulation model as well as the SZA range covered by O3 dSCDs. In contrast, the O3 VCDs are almost insensitive to the chosen profiles of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity.
- The derived O3 VCDs matched well with the OMI satellite product, with a correlation coefficient R = 0.98 for the monthly O3 VCDs. One possible reason, for the differences between the two data sets, was the difference in the spatial and temporal representativeness of the O3 VCDs obtained by the zenith DOAS and the OMI satellite. The differences in O3 VCDs between sunrise and sunset are very small. The mean O3 VCDs from June to November 2020 are 7.21 × 1018 molec·cm−2 and 7.18 × 1018 molec·cm−2 at sunrise and sunset, respectively. The derived O3 VCDs show a considerable monthly variation in summer and autumn over the northern TP, ranging from a minimum of 6.9 × 1018 molec·cm−2 in October to 7.5 × 1018 molec·cm−2 in November.
- As expected, the NO2 VCDs for 90° SZA at sunset were systematically larger than those at sunrise with an average ratio of ~1.56, owing to the N2O5 photolysis under sunlight conditions. During the observation period the NO2 VCDs gradually decreased with time. Although the temporal trends of the NO2 VCDs obtained from the ground-based zenith DOAS and OMI satellite observations agree well, there are significant differences in the correlation coefficients of the NO2 VCDs at sunrise and at sunset between ground-based measurement and OMI satellite observation, with RSunrise = 0.86 and RSunset = 0.97 for monthly NO2 VCDs, respectively. This indicates that for the measurements in the TP, the NO2 VCDs during the satellite overpass are better represented by the sunset observations. The correlations between the two data sets are partly connected with the accuracy of NO2 VCDs retrieved from the ground-based zenith DOAS and OMI satellite observations.
- The average level of BrO dSCD90°–80° at Golmud was 2.06 × 1014 molec·cm−2 during the period of June–November 2020 with the highest values in August and July for sunrise and sunset, respectively. Our results did not show a pronounced anti-correlation of the monthly variations between BrO and NO2, implying the importance of dynamical transport processes, rather than photochemical reactions between NO2 and BrO over the TP.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Parameters | Setting |
---|---|
fitting interval (nm) | 320–340 |
Fraunhofer reference spectrum | Fixed |
DOAS polynomial | degree: 5 |
intensity offset | degree: 2 |
shift and stretch | spectrum |
Ring spectra | original and wavelength-dependent Ring spectra |
NO2 cross section | Vandaele et al., (1998), 220 K, 294 K, Io correction (1017 molec·cm−2) |
O3 cross section | Serdyuchenko et al., (2014), 223 K, 243 K, Io correction (1020 molec·cm−2) |
Parameters | Setting |
---|---|
fitting interval (nm) | 399–440 |
Fraunhofer reference spectrum | fixed |
DOAS polynomial | degree: 5 |
intensity offset | degree: 2 |
shift and stretch | spectrum |
gap (nm) | 416.5–417.5 |
Ring spectra | original and wavelength-dependent Ring spectra |
NO2 cross section | Vandaele et al., (1998), 220 K, 294 K, Io correction (1017 molec·cm−2) |
H2O cross section | Polyansky et al., (2018), 293K |
O3 cross section | Serdyuchenko et al., (2014), 223 K, Io correction (1020 molec·cm−2) |
O4 cross section | Thalman and Volkamer (2013), 293 K |
Parameters | Setting |
---|---|
fitting interval (nm) | 346–358 |
Fraunhofer reference spectrum | fixed |
DOAS polynomial | degree: 3 |
intensity offset | constant |
shift and stretch | spectrum |
Ring spectra | original and wavelength-dependent Ring spectra |
NO2 cross section | Vandaele et al., (1998), 220 K, 294 K, Io correction (1017 molec·cm−2) |
O3 cross section | Serdyuchenko et al., (2014), 223 K, 243 K, Io correction (1020 molec·cm−2) |
O4 cross section | Thalman and Volkamer (2013), 293 K |
BrO cross section | Wilmouth et al., (1999), 228 K |
Parameters | Setting |
---|---|
fitting interval (nm) | 346–390 |
Fraunhofer reference spectrum | fixed |
DOAS polynomial | degree: 5 |
intensity offset | degree: 2 |
shift and stretch | spectrum |
gap (nm) | 377.04–377.32, 380.34–380.52, 384.82–385.25 |
Ring spectra | original and wavelength-dependent Ring spectra |
NO2 cross section | Vandaele et al., (1998), 220 K, 294 K, Io correction (1017 molec·cm−2) |
O3 cross section | Serdyuchenko et al., (2014), 223 K, 243 K, Io correction (1020 molec·cm−2) |
O4 cross section | Thalman and Volkamer (2013), 293 K |
OClO cross section | Kromminga et al., (2003), 213 K |
Appendix B
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Case No. | Case | Simulation Wavelength (nm) | SZA Range | O3 Profile | Aerosol Scenarios | Profiles of Temperature (T), Pressure (P), and Relative Humidity (RH) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Different _Wavelength_SZA | 320, 330, 340 | SZA > 75°, SZA > 65°, SZA > 55°, SZA > 45°, SZA > 35°, SZA > 30° | Radiosonde on 30 August 2020 | TR_ST (TR: tropospheric aerosol extinction profiles from Lidar; ST: stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles from Calipso) | Daily TPH (T, P, and RH profiles from the operational meteorological soundings at sunrise and sunset on 30 August 2020) |
2 | Different _O3 profile | 320 | SZA > 75° |
| TR_ST | Daily T-P-RH |
3 | Different _Aerosol | 320 | SZA > 75° | Radiosonde on 30 August 2020 |
| Daily T-P-RH |
4 | Different _T-P-RH profile | 320 | SZA > 75° | Radiosonde on 30 August 2020 | TR_ST |
|
5 | Optimal | 320 | SZA > 75° | Monthly ERA5 | TR_ST | Monthly T-P-RH |
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Cheng, S.; Ma, J.; Zheng, X.; Gu, M.; Donner, S.; Dörner, S.; Zhang, W.; Du, J.; Li, X.; Liang, Z.; et al. Retrieval of O3, NO2, BrO and OClO Columns from Ground-Based Zenith Scattered Light DOAS Measurements in Summer and Autumn over the Northern Tibetan Plateau. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 4242. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214242
Cheng S, Ma J, Zheng X, Gu M, Donner S, Dörner S, Zhang W, Du J, Li X, Liang Z, et al. Retrieval of O3, NO2, BrO and OClO Columns from Ground-Based Zenith Scattered Light DOAS Measurements in Summer and Autumn over the Northern Tibetan Plateau. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(21):4242. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214242
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Siyang, Jianzhong Ma, Xiangdong Zheng, Myojeong Gu, Sebastian Donner, Steffen Dörner, Wenqian Zhang, Jun Du, Xing Li, Zhiyong Liang, and et al. 2021. "Retrieval of O3, NO2, BrO and OClO Columns from Ground-Based Zenith Scattered Light DOAS Measurements in Summer and Autumn over the Northern Tibetan Plateau" Remote Sensing 13, no. 21: 4242. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214242