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Remote Sensing
Volume 13
Issue 11
10.3390/rs13112065
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Technical Note

Lightning Detection and Imaging Based on VHF Radar Interferometry

by
Wenjie Yin
1,
Weizheng Jin
1,*,
Chen Zhou
1,
Yi Liu
1,
Qiong Tang
1,
Moran Liu
1,
Guanyi Chen
1 and
Zhengyu Zhao
1,2
1
Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
2
Institute of Space Science and Applied Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(11), 2065; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112065
Submission received: 24 April 2021 / Revised: 17 May 2021 / Accepted: 19 May 2021 / Published: 24 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Atmospheric Remote Sensing)
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Abstract

In this study, detection and three-dimensional (3D) imaging of lightning plasma channels are presented using radar interferometry. Experiments were carried out in Leshan, China with a 48.2 MHz VHF radar configured with an interferometric antenna array. The typical characteristics of lightning echoes are studied in the form of amplitude, phase, and doppler spectra derived from the raw in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) data. In addition, the 3D structure of lightning channels is reconstructed using the interferometry technique. The localization results of lightning are verified with the locating results of lightning detection networks operating at VLF ranges, which indicate the feasibility of using VHF radar for lightning mapping. The interpretation of the observational results is complicated by the dendric structure of lightning channel and the overlap between passive electromagnetic radiations and return echoes. Nevertheless, some parts of the characteristics of lightning are still evident. The observational result of return echoes shows good consistency with the overdense assumption of lightning channels. The transition from the overdense channel to the underdense channel in the form of amplitude and phase is clearly observed. This technique is very promising to reveal the typical characteristics of lightning return echoes and structure of lightning propagation processes.
Keywords: VHF lightning radar interferometer; 3D lightning imaging; lightning VHF lightning radar interferometer; 3D lightning imaging; lightning
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MDPI and ACS Style

Yin, W.; Jin, W.; Zhou, C.; Liu, Y.; Tang, Q.; Liu, M.; Chen, G.; Zhao, Z. Lightning Detection and Imaging Based on VHF Radar Interferometry. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 2065. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112065

AMA Style

Yin W, Jin W, Zhou C, Liu Y, Tang Q, Liu M, Chen G, Zhao Z. Lightning Detection and Imaging Based on VHF Radar Interferometry. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(11):2065. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112065

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yin, Wenjie, Weizheng Jin, Chen Zhou, Yi Liu, Qiong Tang, Moran Liu, Guanyi Chen, and Zhengyu Zhao. 2021. "Lightning Detection and Imaging Based on VHF Radar Interferometry" Remote Sensing 13, no. 11: 2065. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112065

APA Style

Yin, W., Jin, W., Zhou, C., Liu, Y., Tang, Q., Liu, M., Chen, G., & Zhao, Z. (2021). Lightning Detection and Imaging Based on VHF Radar Interferometry. Remote Sensing, 13(11), 2065. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112065

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