Influence of Longitudinal Wind on Hydrogen Leakage and Hydrogen Concentration Sensor Layout of Fuel Cell Vehicles

Wang, Xingmao; Yi, Fengyan; Su, Qingqing; Zhou, Jiaming; Sun, Yan; Guo, Wei; Shu, Xing

doi:10.3390/su151310712

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Longitudinal Wind on Hydrogen Leakage and Hydrogen Concentration Sensor Layout of Fuel Cell Vehicles

by

Xingmao Wang

¹

,

Fengyan Yi

^1,*

,

Qingqing Su

¹

,

Jiaming Zhou

^2,*

,

Yan Sun

¹

,

Wei Guo

¹

and

Xing Shu

¹

School of Automotive Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China

²

School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Sustainability 2023, 15(13), 10712; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310712

Submission received: 8 June 2023 / Revised: 1 July 2023 / Accepted: 6 July 2023 / Published: 7 July 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontier Technology of Hydrogen Energy Application in Transportation Field)

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Abstract

Hydrogen has the physical and chemical characteristics of being flammable, explosive and prone to leakage, and its safety is the main issue faced by the promotion of hydrogen as an energy source. The most common scene in vehicle application is the longitudinal wind generated by driving, and the original position of hydrogen concentration sensors (HCSs) did not consider the influence of longitudinal wind on the hydrogen leakage trajectory. In this paper, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software STAR CCM 2021.1 is used to simulate the hydrogen leakage and diffusion trajectories of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) at five different leakage locations the longitudinal wind speeds of 0 km/h, 37.18 km/h and 114 km/h, and it is concluded that longitudinal wind prolongs the diffusion time of hydrogen to the headspace and reduces the coverage area of hydrogen in the headspace with a decrease of 81.35%. In order to achieve a good detection effect of fuel cell vehicles within the longitudinal wind scene, based on the simulated hydrogen concentration–time matrix, the scene clustering method based on vector similarity evaluation was used to reduce the leakage scene set by 33%. Then, the layout position of HCSs was optimized according to the proposed multi-scene full coverage response time minimization model, and the response time was reduced from 5 s to 1 s.

Keywords: fuel cell vehicles; longitudinal wind; scene clustering; sensor layout optimization

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, X.; Yi, F.; Su, Q.; Zhou, J.; Sun, Y.; Guo, W.; Shu, X. Influence of Longitudinal Wind on Hydrogen Leakage and Hydrogen Concentration Sensor Layout of Fuel Cell Vehicles. Sustainability 2023, 15, 10712. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310712

AMA Style

Wang X, Yi F, Su Q, Zhou J, Sun Y, Guo W, Shu X. Influence of Longitudinal Wind on Hydrogen Leakage and Hydrogen Concentration Sensor Layout of Fuel Cell Vehicles. Sustainability. 2023; 15(13):10712. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310712

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Xingmao, Fengyan Yi, Qingqing Su, Jiaming Zhou, Yan Sun, Wei Guo, and Xing Shu. 2023. "Influence of Longitudinal Wind on Hydrogen Leakage and Hydrogen Concentration Sensor Layout of Fuel Cell Vehicles" Sustainability 15, no. 13: 10712. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310712

APA Style

Wang, X., Yi, F., Su, Q., Zhou, J., Sun, Y., Guo, W., & Shu, X. (2023). Influence of Longitudinal Wind on Hydrogen Leakage and Hydrogen Concentration Sensor Layout of Fuel Cell Vehicles. Sustainability, 15(13), 10712. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310712

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Influence of Longitudinal Wind on Hydrogen Leakage and Hydrogen Concentration Sensor Layout of Fuel Cell Vehicles

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