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Volume 14
Issue 5
10.3390/su14053046
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Article

Facilitating Safe FFF 3D Printing: A Prototype Material Case Study

by
Panagiotis Karayannis
1,
Stratos Saliakas
1,
Ioannis Kokkinopoulos
1,
Spyridon Damilos
1,
Elias P. Koumoulos
1,*,
Eleni Gkartzou
2,
Julio Gomez
3 and
Constantinos Charitidis
2
1
IRES—Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions, Rue Koningin Astridlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium
2
School of Chemical Engineering, R-Nano Lab, Laboratory of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece
3
Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L., Av. Lentiscares 4-6, 26370 Navarrete, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2022, 14(5), 3046; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053046
Submission received: 25 January 2022 / Revised: 1 March 2022 / Accepted: 3 March 2022 / Published: 4 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability of Additive Manufacturing and 3D-Printed Parts)
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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has introduced a paradigm shift in the manufacturing world, and it is increasing in popularity. In cases of such rapid and widespread acceptance of novel technologies, material or process safety issues may be underestimated, due to safety research being outpaced by the breakthroughs of innovation. However, a definitive approach in studying the various occupational or environmental risks of new technologies is a vital part of their sustainable application. In fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing, the practicality and simplicity of the method are juxtaposed by ultrafine particle (UFP) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission hazards. In this work, the decision of selecting the optimal material for the mass production of a microfluidic device substrate via FFF 3D printing is supported by an emission/exposure assessment. Three candidate prototype materials are evaluated in terms of their comparative emission potential. The impact of nozzle temperature settings, as well as the microfluidic device’s structural characteristics regarding the magnitude of emissions, is evaluated. The projected exposure of the employees operating the 3D printer is determined. The concept behind this series of experiments is proposed as a methodology to generate an additional set of decision-support decision-making criteria for FFF 3D printing production cases.
Keywords: exposure assessment; 3D printing; ultrafine particles; microfluidics; fused filament fabrication exposure assessment; 3D printing; ultrafine particles; microfluidics; fused filament fabrication

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MDPI and ACS Style

Karayannis, P.; Saliakas, S.; Kokkinopoulos, I.; Damilos, S.; Koumoulos, E.P.; Gkartzou, E.; Gomez, J.; Charitidis, C. Facilitating Safe FFF 3D Printing: A Prototype Material Case Study. Sustainability 2022, 14, 3046. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053046

AMA Style

Karayannis P, Saliakas S, Kokkinopoulos I, Damilos S, Koumoulos EP, Gkartzou E, Gomez J, Charitidis C. Facilitating Safe FFF 3D Printing: A Prototype Material Case Study. Sustainability. 2022; 14(5):3046. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053046

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karayannis, Panagiotis, Stratos Saliakas, Ioannis Kokkinopoulos, Spyridon Damilos, Elias P. Koumoulos, Eleni Gkartzou, Julio Gomez, and Constantinos Charitidis. 2022. "Facilitating Safe FFF 3D Printing: A Prototype Material Case Study" Sustainability 14, no. 5: 3046. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053046

APA Style

Karayannis, P., Saliakas, S., Kokkinopoulos, I., Damilos, S., Koumoulos, E. P., Gkartzou, E., Gomez, J., & Charitidis, C. (2022). Facilitating Safe FFF 3D Printing: A Prototype Material Case Study. Sustainability, 14(5), 3046. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053046

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