Methodology for Determining the Location of Intermodal Transport Terminals for the Development of Sustainable Transport Systems: A Case Study from Slovakia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Theoretical Basis for Developing a Mathematical Model for Determining the (Al)Location of ITTs
3.2. Construction of Initial Matrix for Multi-Criteria Evaluation
- Select the objects to be included in the analysed set.
- Select indicators that characterise the objects´ activities.
- Determine the weights for each of the indicators.
- Develop an initial matrix (see Table 1).
- Xij—is the value of the j-th indicator in the i-th object;
- m—is the number of indicators;
- n—is the number of evaluated objects;
- pj—is the weight
- normalised (thereby fulfilling the requirement of 0 ≤ pj ≤ 1; j = 1, 2, … m; where p1 + p2 + ……… + pm−1 + pm = 1); or
- differentiated (integers expressing the weights of the individual criteria).
- Ki—is the coefficient of the i-th vertex, i = 1, 2, …, n;
- n—is the number of vertices in the network;
- pj—is the normalised weights of individual criteria, ∑ pj = 1,
- m—is the number of criteria;
- sij—is the selected criteria indicator.
3.3. Mathematical Model
- —is all k-element subsets of V vertices and:
- Aˇ(d)—is the allocated service area of the d terminal point;
- d(d,u)—is the operations of the u vertex from the d terminal point;
- w(u)—is the weight of the u vertex (composite indicator).
4. Results
4.1. Construction of Initial Matrix
4.1.1. Potential of Combined Transport
4.1.2. Existing Terminals (Trans-Shipment Points) for Combined Transport
4.1.3. Links to Railway Infrastructure
4.1.4. Links to Road Infrastructure (Important Road Junctions)
4.2. Determination of Indicator Weights
- For trans-shipment points (stsp) a weight of (p2) = 0.3;
- for links to railway infrastructure (srwi) a weight of (p3) = 0.2;
- for links to road infrastructure (sroi) a weight of (p4) = 0.5 (the most important in terms of shipments);
4.3. Construction of Initial Matrix and Development of Mathematical Model
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- (a)
- Creating a graph structure consisting of a road network.
- (b)
- Assigning importance weights to individual vertices (when taking into consideration the criteria influencing the placement choice).
- (c)
- Calculating the Terminal Catchment Area of the individual terminals when taking into consideration the minimization of road vehicles journeys, as well as the kilometre distance of the terminal 150 km by road (for a possible road tax relief).
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Vertex | Potential of Region | Population | Potential of Vertex | Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bratislava | 22,819 | 425,533 | 202,495,806 | 0.8874 |
Malacky | 22,819 | 17,870 | 8,511,487 | 0.0373 |
Kúty | 9134 | 4200 | 1,653,254 | 0.0181 |
Holíč | 9134 | 11,560 | 4,557,866 | 0.0499 |
Skalica | 9134 | 14,980 | 5,909,698 | 0.0647 |
Senica | 9134 | 21,061 | 831,194 | 0.091 |
Pezinok | 22,819 | 21,077 | 1,004,036 | 0.044 |
Senec | 22,819 | 15,030 | 7,142,347 | 0.0313 |
Dunajská Streda | 9134 | 23,518 | 928,0144 | 0.1016 |
Trnava | 9134 | 69,488 | 27,420,268 | 0.3002 |
Galanta | 9134 | 16,019 | 6,320,728 | 0.0692 |
Sereď | 9134 | 17,317 | 683,2232 | 0.0748 |
Hlohovec | 9134 | 23,264 | 917,967 | 0.1005 |
Piešťany | 9134 | 30,066 | 1187,42 | 0.13 |
Nové Mesto nad Váhom | 7546 | 20,976 | 6,089,622 | 0.0807 |
Myjava | 7546 | 12,924 | 3,750,362 | 0.0497 |
Trenčín | 7546 | 57,051 | 16,555,924 | 0.2194 |
Dubnica nad Váhom | 7546 | 25,741 | 747,054 | 0.099 |
Ilava | 7546 | 5412 | 1,569,568 | 0.0208 |
Púchov | 7546 | 18,654 | 5,410,482 | 0.0717 |
Považská Bystrica | 7546 | 42,490 | 12,330,164 | 0.1634 |
Bytča | 8901 | 11,495 | 3,248,865 | 0.0365 |
Žilina | 8901 | 85,278 | 24,112,809 | 0.2709 |
Kysucké Nové Mesto | 8901 | 16,526 | 4,673,025 | 0.0525 |
Čadca | 8901 | 26,443 | 747,684 | 0.084 |
Prievidza | 7546 | 52,070 | 15,114,638 | 0.2003 |
Partizánske | 7546 | 24,686 | 71,687 | 0.095 |
Topoľčany | 8810 | 28,819 | 826,378 | 0.0938 |
Nitra | 8810 | 86,138 | 2,468,562 | 0.2802 |
Šurany | 8810 | 10,415 | 298,659 | 0.0339 |
Nové Zámky | 8810 | 41,669 | 1,193,755 | 0.1355 |
Šaľa | 8810 | 24,514 | 702,157 | 0.0797 |
Komárno | 8810 | 36,804 | 1,054,557 | 0.1197 |
Hurbanovo | 8810 | 8055 | 230,822 | 0.0262 |
Štúrovo | 8810 | 11,410 | 326,851 | 0.0371 |
Levice | 8810 | 36,476 | 1,044,866 | 0.1186 |
Šahy | 7121 | 8059 | 1,737,524 | 0.0244 |
Vráble | 8810 | 9501 | 272,229 | 0.0309 |
Zlaté Moravce | 8810 | 13,646 | 391,164 | 0.0444 |
Žarnovica | 7121 | 6543 | 1,409,958 | 0.0198 |
Žiar nad Hronom | 7121 | 19,741 | 425,1237 | 0.0597 |
Banská Štiavnica | 7121 | 10,873 | 2,342,809 | 0.0329 |
Hontianske Nemce | 7121 | 1495 | 320,445 | 0.0045 |
Krupina | 7121 | 7847 | 1,687,677 | 0.0237 |
Zvolen | 7121 | 43,488 | 9,364,115 | 0.1315 |
Hronská Dúbrava | 7121 | 391 | 85,452 | 0.0012 |
Banská Bystrica | 7121 | 81,961 | 17,652,959 | 0.2479 |
Turčianske Teplice | 8,680 | 6943 | 191,828 | 0.0221 |
Martin | 8901 | 59,772 | 16,902,999 | 0.1899 |
Vrútky | 8901 | 7242 | 204,723 | 0.023 |
Dolný Kubín | 8901 | 19,855 | 5,616,531 | 0.0631 |
Kraľovany | 8901 | 472 | 133,515 | 0.0015 |
Námestovo | 8901 | 8126 | 2,296,458 | 0.0258 |
Tvrdošín | 8901 | 9464 | 2,679,201 | 0.0301 |
Ružomberok | 8901 | 30,166 | 8,527,158 | 0.0958 |
Liptovský Mikuláš | 8901 | 32,966 | 9,328,248 | 0.1048 |
Brezno | 7121 | 22,573 | 4,863,643 | 0.0683 |
Detva | 7121 | 15,024 | 3,232,934 | 0.0454 |
Lučenec | 7121 | 28,146 | 6,059,971 | 0.0851 |
Veľký Krtíš | 7121 | 13,988 | 3,012,183 | 0.0423 |
Slovenské Ďarmoty | 7121 | 545 | 113,936 | 0.0016 |
Fiľakovo | 7121 | 10,271 | 2,214,631 | 0.0311 |
Rimavská Sobota | 7121 | 24,810 | 534,075 | 0.075 |
Poltár | 7121 | 6035 | 1,303,143 | 0.0183 |
Hnúšťa | 7121 | 7560 | 1,630,709 | 0.0229 |
Tornaľa | 7121 | 8022 | 1,730,403 | 0.0243 |
Rožňava | 9372 | 19,130 | 4,573,536 | 0.0488 |
Revúca | 7121 | 13,273 | 2,855,521 | 0.0401 |
Poprad | 7451 | 55,680 | 11,966,306 | 0.1606 |
Spišská Nová Ves | 9372 | 38,785 | 9,268,908 | 0.0989 |
Levoča | 7451 | 14,511 | 3,121,969 | 0.0419 |
Spišský Štvrtok | 9372 | 2273 | 543,576 | 0.0058 |
Kežmarok | 7451 | 12,798 | 274,9419 | 0.0369 |
Stará Lubovňa | 7451 | 16,398 | 3,524,323 | 0.0473 |
Sabinov | 7451 | 12,328 | 2,652,556 | 0.0356 |
Bardejov | 7451 | 33,402 | 7,182,764 | 0.0964 |
Svidník | 7451 | 12,392 | 2,667,458 | 0.0358 |
Prešov | 7451 | 92,147 | 1980,4758 | 0.2658 |
Spišské Podhradie | 9372 | 3855 | 918,456 | 0.0098 |
Margecany | 9372 | 2035 | 487,344 | 0.0052 |
Gelnica | 9372 | 6243 | 1,490,148 | 0.0159 |
Moldava nad Bodvou | 9372 | 9685 | 2,314,884 | 0.0247 |
Košice | 9372 | 235,281 | 56,232 | 0.6 |
Trebišov | 9372 | 22 765 | 543,576 | 0.058 |
Slovenské Nové Mesto | 9372 | 1073 | 253,044 | 0.0027 |
Michalovce | 9372 | 39,915 | 9,540,696 | 0.1018 |
Sobrance | 9372 | 6317 | 149,952 | 0.016 |
Dobrá pri Č.n.T. | 9372 | 395 | 9372 | 0.001 |
Vranov nad Topľou | 7451 | 23,020 | 4,947,464 | 0.0664 |
Strážske | 9372 | 4457 | 1,068,408 | 0.0114 |
Humenné | 7451 | 35,043 | 7,532,961 | 0.1011 |
Snina | 7451 | 21,390 | 4,597,267 | 0.0617 |
Medzilaborce | 7451 | 6699 | 1,438,043 | 0.0193 |
Stropkov | 7451 | 10,815 | 2,324,712 | 0.0312 |
Object | Potential of Combined Transport | C.T.T. | Rw.N. | Ro.N. | Composite Indicator |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicator Weights | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | ||
Bratislava | 202,495,806 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 404,991,612 |
Malacky | 8,511,487 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 102,137,844 |
Kúty | 1,653,254 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2,479,881 |
Holíč | 4,557,866 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 59,252,258 |
Skalica | 5,909,698 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5,909,698 |
Senica | 831,194 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10,805,522 |
Pezinok | 1,004,036 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12,048,432 |
Senec | 7,142,347 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 107,135,205 |
Dunajská Streda | 9,280,144 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18,560,288 |
Trnava | 27,420,268 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 41,130,402 |
Galanta | 6,320,728 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9,481,092 |
Sereď | 6,832,232 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10,248,348 |
Hlohovec | 917,967 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11,015,604 |
Piešťany | 118,742 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1,424,904 |
Nové Mesto nad Váhom | 6,089,622 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9,134,433 |
Myjava | 3,750,362 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 48,754,706 |
Trenčín | 16,555,924 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 198,671,088 |
Dubnica nad Váhom | 747,054 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1,120,581 |
Ilava | 1,569,568 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 18,834,816 |
Púchov | 5,410,482 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8,115,723 |
Považská Bystrica | 12,330,164 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 18,495,246 |
Bytča | 3,248,865 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 48,732,975 |
Žilina | 24,112,809 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48,225,618 |
Kysucké Nové Mesto | 4,673,025 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 560,763 |
Čadca | 747,684 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1,121,526 |
Prievidza | 15,114,638 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2,267,1957 |
Partizánske | 71,687 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 860,244 |
Topoľčany | 826,378 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1,239,567 |
Nitra | 2,468,562 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4,937,124 |
Šurany | 298,659 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3,583,908 |
Nové Zámky | 1,193,755 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 17,906,325 |
Šaľa | 702,157 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8,425,884 |
Komárno | 1,054,557 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 15,818,355 |
Hurbanovo | 230,822 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2,769,864 |
Štúrovo | 326,851 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4,902,765 |
Levice | 1,044,866 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12,538,392 |
Šahy | 1,737,524 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2,606,286 |
Vráble | 272,229 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3,538,977 |
Zlaté Moravce | 391,164 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4,693,968 |
Žarnovica | 1,409,958 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2,114,937 |
Žiar nad Hronom | 4,251,237 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 63,768,555 |
Banská Štiavnica | 2,342,809 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,342,809 |
Hontianske Nemce | 320,445 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4,806,675 |
Krupina | 1,687,677 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 20,252,124 |
Zvolen | 9,364,115 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 140,461,725 |
Hronská Dúbrava | 85,452 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1,025,424 |
Banská Bystrica | 17,652,959 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 264,794,385 |
Turčianske Teplice | 191,828 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 191,828 |
Martin | 16,902,999 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 253,544,985 |
Vrútky | 204,723 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2,456,676 |
Dolný Kubín | 5,616,531 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 84,247,965 |
Kraľovany | 133,515 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2,002,725 |
Námestovo | 2,296,458 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,296,458 |
Tvrdošín | 2,679,201 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 40,188,015 |
Ružomberok | 8,527,158 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 17,054,316 |
Liptovský Mikuláš | 9,328,248 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 111,938,976 |
Brezno | 4,863,643 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 72,954,645 |
Detva | 3,232,934 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 42,028,142 |
Lučenec | 6,059,971 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 90,899,565 |
Veľký Krtíš | 3,012,183 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 39,158,379 |
Slovenské Ďarmoty | 113,936 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113,936 |
Fiľakovo | 2,214,631 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 26,575,572 |
Rimavská Sobota | 534,075 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6,942,975 |
Poltár | 1,303,143 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,303,143 |
Hnúšťa | 1,630,709 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 21,199,217 |
Tornaľa | 1,730,403 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 25,956,045 |
Rožňava | 4,573,536 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6,860,304 |
Revúca | 2,855,521 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,855,521 |
Poprad | 11,966,306 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 17,949,459 |
Spišská Nová Ves | 9,268,908 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 13,903,362 |
Levoča | 3,121,969 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3,121,969 |
Spišský Štvrtok | 543,576 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 543,576 |
Kežmarok | 274,9419 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,749,419 |
Stará Ľubovňa | 3,524,323 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 45,816,199 |
Sabinov | 2,652,556 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3,1830,672 |
Bardejov | 7,182,764 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 93,375,932 |
Svidník | 2,667,458 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 34,676,954 |
Prešov | 19,804,758 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 29,707,137 |
Spišské Podhradie | 918,456 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11,939,928 |
Margecany | 487,344 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 731,016 |
Gelnica | 1,490,148 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 17,881,776 |
Moldava nad Bodvou | 2,314,884 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 27,778,608 |
Košice | 56,232 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 112,464 |
Trebišov | 543,576 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6,522,912 |
Slovenské Nové Mesto | 253,044 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3,036,528 |
Michalovce | 9,540,696 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 14,311,044 |
Sobrance | 149,952 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 149,952 |
Dobrá pri Č.n.T. | 9,372 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 159,324 |
Vranov nad Topľou | 4,947,464 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 64,317,032 |
Strážske | 1,068,408 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 160,2612 |
Humenné | 7,532,961 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 112,994,415 |
Snina | 4,597,267 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4,597,267 |
Medzilaborce | 1,438,043 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 17,256,516 |
Stropkov | 2,324,712 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,324,712 |
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Object/Indicator | X1 | X2 | … | Xm |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | X11 | X12 | … | X1m |
2 | X21 | X22 | … | X2m |
… | … | … | … | … |
N | Xn1 | Xn2 | … | Xnm |
weights of indicators | P1 | P2 | … | Pm |
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Ližbetin, J. Methodology for Determining the Location of Intermodal Transport Terminals for the Development of Sustainable Transport Systems: A Case Study from Slovakia. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051230
Ližbetin J. Methodology for Determining the Location of Intermodal Transport Terminals for the Development of Sustainable Transport Systems: A Case Study from Slovakia. Sustainability. 2019; 11(5):1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051230
Chicago/Turabian StyleLižbetin, Ján. 2019. "Methodology for Determining the Location of Intermodal Transport Terminals for the Development of Sustainable Transport Systems: A Case Study from Slovakia" Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051230
APA StyleLižbetin, J. (2019). Methodology for Determining the Location of Intermodal Transport Terminals for the Development of Sustainable Transport Systems: A Case Study from Slovakia. Sustainability, 11(5), 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051230