Adsorption and Desorption Behaviors of Four Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Soils from the Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Sampling Site and Soil Samples
2.3. Adsorption and Desorption Experiments
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of Soils
3.2. Adsorption and Desorption Kinetics
3.3. Adsorption Isotherms and Nonlinearity
3.4. Desorption Isotherms and Hysteresis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Property | Soil Sample | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | |
Elevation gradient/m | 150–155 | 155–160 | 160–165 | 165–170 |
Average slope | 15° | 20° | 25° | 30° |
Vegetation | none | Cynodon dactylon | Cynodon dactylon | Cynodon dactylon, Xanthium |
pH | 7.79 | 7.60 | 8.13 | 8.30 |
TOC/(g/kg) | 18.50 | 16.84 | 9.33 | 8.26 |
TN/(g/kg) | 2.32 | 2.05 | 1.09 | 0.86 |
Sand (≥0.05 mm)/% | 0.53 | 4.59 | 25.01 | 26.93 |
Silt (0.002–0.05 mm)/% | 79.68 | 78.01 | 59.66 | 57.29 |
Clay (≤0.002 mm)/% | 19.79 | 17.40 | 15.33 | 15.78 |
EDC | Soil Sample | Qe (exp) mg/kg | Elovich Equation | Pseudo-First-Order | Pseudo-Second-Order | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | R2 | K1 1/h | Qe mg/kg | R2 | K2 kg/(mg·h) | Qe mg/kg | R2 | |||
EE2 | S1 | 23.10 | 21.6 | 0.339 | 0.947 | 5.64 | 22.42 | 0.996 | 0.180 | 23.09 | 0.997 |
S2 | 19.60 | 18.1 | 0.377 | 0.911 | 4.80 | 19.07 | 0.995 | 0.238 | 19.65 | 0.996 | |
S3 | 16.16 | 14.4 | 0.513 | 0.792 | 3.46 | 15.79 | 0.989 | 0.411 | 16.18 | 0.998 | |
S4 | 14.08 | 12.6 | 0.388 | 0.932 | 4.22 | 13.60 | 0.987 | 0.321 | 14.08 | 0.998 | |
E2 | S1 | 18.90 | 15.2 | 1.126 | 0.828 | 2.13 | 18.33 | 0.977 | 0.224 | 18.97 | 0.998 |
S2 | 18.40 | 15.8 | 0.781 | 0.884 | 3.16 | 17.78 | 0.973 | 0.288 | 18.45 | 0.997 | |
S3 | 12.64 | 11.1 | 0.449 | 0.889 | 3.49 | 12.26 | 0.982 | 0.438 | 12.67 | 0.999 | |
S4 | 9.84 | 8.84 | 0.285 | 0.920 | 4.07 | 9.55 | 0.987 | 0.571 | 9.86 | 0.997 | |
E1 | S1 | 18.36 | 15.7 | 0.725 | 0.928 | 3.38 | 17.53 | 0.975 | 0.164 | 18.42 | 0.994 |
S2 | 16.99 | 14.0 | 0.883 | 0.853 | 2.52 | 16.35 | 0.971 | 0.215 | 17.04 | 0.996 | |
S3 | 10.50 | 9.17 | 0.378 | 0.942 | 3.61 | 10.12 | 0.980 | 0.398 | 10.55 | 0.997 | |
S4 | 9.30 | 7.96 | 0.357 | 0.955 | 3.63 | 8.84 | 0.974 | 0.316 | 9.34 | 0.994 | |
BPA | S1 | 13.20 | 11.6 | 0.334 | 0.941 | 4.68 | 12.44 | 0.986 | 0.152 | 13.21 | 0.993 |
S2 | 11.80 | 10.4 | 0.304 | 0.901 | 5.09 | 11.13 | 0.982 | 0.177 | 11.85 | 0.993 | |
S3 | 8.80 | 7.40 | 0.376 | 0.942 | 3.20 | 8.35 | 0.974 | 0.282 | 8.85 | 0.995 | |
S4 | 4.77 | 3.10 | 0.469 | 0.925 | 1.14 | 4.45 | 0.917 | 0.268 | 4.82 | 0.998 |
EDC | Soil Sample | Qe (exp) mg/kg | Elovich Equation | Pseudo-First-Order | Pseudo-Second-Order | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | R2 | K1 1/h | Qe mg/kg | R2 | K2 kg/(mg·h) | Qe mg/kg | R2 | |||
EE2 | S1 | 2.49 | 1.16 | 0.334 | 0.887 | 0.289 | 2.29 | 0.928 | 0.504 | 2.52 | 0.993 |
S2 | 2.26 | 1.00 | 0.308 | 0.960 | 0.298 | 2.02 | 0.874 | 0.416 | 2.34 | 0.995 | |
S3 | 2.33 | 0.77 | 0.377 | 0.985 | 0.194 | 2.10 | 0.906 | 0.306 | 2.40 | 0.988 | |
S4 | 1.46 | 0.72 | 0.183 | 0.960 | 0.334 | 1.32 | 0.931 | 0.891 | 1.48 | 0.997 | |
E2 | S1 | 4.70 | 3.37 | 0.369 | 0.804 | 0.602 | 4.53 | 0.981 | 0.968 | 4.74 | 0.998 |
S2 | 4.42 | 3.10 | 0.383 | 0.628 | 0.491 | 4.36 | 0.979 | 1.487 | 4.45 | 0.992 | |
S3 | 4.04 | 2.84 | 0.342 | 0.746 | 0.535 | 3.94 | 0.980 | 1.274 | 4.08 | 0.997 | |
S4 | 3.79 | 2.38 | 0.402 | 0.726 | 0.397 | 3.72 | 0.968 | 1.085 | 3.85 | 0.994 | |
E1 | S1 | 4.30 | 2.70 | 0.435 | 0.675 | 0.451 | 4.12 | 0.989 | 0.606 | 4.34 | 0.994 |
S2 | 4.40 | 3.34 | 0.249 | 0.960 | 0.972 | 4.07 | 0.973 | 0.545 | 4.43 | 0.994 | |
S3 | 2.66 | 2.14 | 0.123 | 0.965 | 1.031 | 2.51 | 0.985 | 1.250 | 2.67 | 0.997 | |
S4 | 3.60 | 2.92 | 0.162 | 0.900 | 1.172 | 3.39 | 0.978 | 0.904 | 3.63 | 0.993 | |
BPA | S1 | 1.50 | 1.03 | 0.127 | 0.689 | 0.537 | 1.43 | 0.992 | 2.008 | 1.51 | 0.998 |
S2 | 0.90 | 0.76 | 0.035 | 0.819 | 0.997 | 0.87 | 0.996 | 6.975 | 0.90 | 0.998 | |
S3 | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.037 | 0.915 | 0.321 | 0.27 | 0.938 | 4.292 | 0.30 | 0.998 | |
S4 | 0.31 | 0.18 | 0.036 | 0.659 | 0.381 | 0.30 | 0.995 | 9.602 | 0.31 | 0.998 |
Sample | EDCs | Linear Model | Langmuir Model | Freundlich Model | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kd L/kg | R2 | KL L/kg | Qm mg/kg | R2 | logKF | nads | R2 | ΔG KJ/mol | ||
S1 | EE2 | 23.60 | 0.975 | 0.545 | 95.30 | 0.994 | 1.508 | 0.714 | 0.996 | −8.603 |
E2 | 23.71 | 0.999 | 0.120 | 217.4 | 0.995 | 1.374 | 0.976 | 0.997 | −7.838 | |
E1 | 11.47 | 0.936 | 0.484 | 61.75 | 0.980 | 1.269 | 0.696 | 0.984 | −7.239 | |
BPA | 3.54 | 0.979 | 0.036 | 215.2 | 0.991 | 1.061 | 0.672 | 0.998 | −6.054 | |
S2 | EE2 | 19.45 | 0.993 | 0.224 | 136.6 | 0.994 | 1.391 | 0.774 | 0.998 | −7.938 |
E2 | 19.46 | 0.999 | 0.269 | 99.01 | 0.989 | 1.322 | 0.906 | 0.996 | −7.542 | |
E1 | 10.56 | 0.960 | 0.380 | 63.94 | 0.986 | 1.222 | 0.696 | 0.992 | −6.971 | |
BPA | 2.70 | 0.965 | 0.047 | 150.6 | 0.977 | 0.980 | 0.672 | 0.993 | −5.603 | |
S3 | EE2 | 9.67 | 0.965 | 0.438 | 56.50 | 0.993 | 1.213 | 0.661 | 0.997 | −6.910 |
E2 | 10.28 | 0.995 | 0.079 | 151.5 | 0.998 | 1.036 | 0.953 | 0.999 | −5.910 | |
E1 | 3.70 | 0.953 | 0.525 | 25.51 | 0.990 | 0.919 | 0.574 | 0.995 | −5.243 | |
BPA | 1.43 | 0.954 | 0.053 | 80.90 | 0.985 | 0.811 | 0.603 | 0.995 | −4.627 | |
S4 | EE2 | 7.09 | 0.970 | 0.358 | 48.11 | 0.989 | 1.083 | 0.678 | 0.996 | −6.178 |
E2 | 7.32 | 0.996 | 0.131 | 74.62 | 0.996 | 0.922 | 0.903 | 0.997 | −5.262 | |
E1 | 3.22 | 0.963 | 0.451 | 23.49 | 0.971 | 0.846 | 0.588 | 0.993 | −4.826 | |
BPA | 0.98 | 0.961 | 0.040 | 62.71 | 0.983 | 0.594 | 0.632 | 0.994 | −3.389 |
EDCs | Soil Samples | logKF | ndes | R2 | HI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EE2 | S1 | 1.686 | 0.468 | 0.978 | 0.655 |
S2 | 1.616 | 0.446 | 0.995 | 0.576 | |
S3 | 1.609 | 0.448 | 0.979 | 0.677 | |
S4 | 1.083 | 0.678 | 0.996 | 0.682 | |
E2 | S1 | 1.818 | 0.636 | 0.998 | 0.652 |
S2 | 1.646 | 0.612 | 0.998 | 0.676 | |
S3 | 1.568 | 0.822 | 0.997 | 0.862 | |
S4 | 1.415 | 0.775 | 0.994 | 0.858 | |
E1 | S1 | 1.403 | 0.475 | 0.996 | 0.683 |
S2 | 1.276 | 0.470 | 0.934 | 0.676 | |
S3 | 0.771 | 0.450 | 0.998 | 0.784 | |
S4 | 0.740 | 0.482 | 0.993 | 0.819 | |
BPA | S1 | 1.204 | 0.569 | 0.997 | 0.846 |
S2 | 1.143 | 0.573 | 0.976 | 0.853 | |
S3 | 1.148 | 0.572 | 0.997 | 0.948 | |
S4 | 1.025 | 0.620 | 0.990 | 0.981 |
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Hu, Y.; Yang, Q.; Sun, J.; Chen, Q.; Fan, J.; Mei, X. Adsorption and Desorption Behaviors of Four Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Soils from the Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2531. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072531
Hu Y, Yang Q, Sun J, Chen Q, Fan J, Mei X. Adsorption and Desorption Behaviors of Four Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Soils from the Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Sustainability. 2018; 10(7):2531. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072531
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Ying, Qingwei Yang, Jiaoxia Sun, Qingkong Chen, Jianxin Fan, and Xiaoxing Mei. 2018. "Adsorption and Desorption Behaviors of Four Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Soils from the Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China" Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2531. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072531