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Volume 13
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Article

Peritoneal Administration of a Subunit Vaccine Encapsulated in a Nanodelivery System Not Only Augments Systemic Responses against SARS-CoV-2 but Also Stimulates Responses in the Respiratory Tract

by
Tuksin Jearanaiwitayakul
1,
Suttikarn Apichirapokey
1,
Runglawan Chawengkirttikul
1,
Jitra Limthongkul
1,
Mathurin Seesen
1,
Phissinee Jakaew
1,
Sakalin Trisiriwanich
2,
Sompong Sapsutthipas
2,
Panya Sunintaboon
3 and
Sukathida Ubol
1,*
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
2
Institute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpatom 73170, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2021, 13(11), 2202; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112202
Submission received: 7 September 2021 / Revised: 26 October 2021 / Accepted: 29 October 2021 / Published: 2 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development)
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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has currently created an unprecedented threat to human society and global health. A rapid mass vaccination to create herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial measure to ease the spread of this disease. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine candidate, a SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein encapsulated in N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan particles or S-TMC NPs. Upon intraperitoneal immunization, S-TMC NP-immunized mice elicited a stronger systemic antibody response, with neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2, than mice receiving the soluble form of S-glycoprotein. S-TMC NPs were able to stimulate the circulating IgG and IgA as found in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. In addition, spike-specific T cell responses were drastically activated in S-TMC NP-immunized mice. Surprisingly, administration of S-TMC NPs via the intraperitoneal route also stimulated SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in the respiratory tract, which were demonstrated by the presence of high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgA in the lung homogenates and bronchoalveolar lavages of the immunized mice. We found that peritoneal immunization with spike nanospheres stimulates both systemic and respiratory mucosal immunity.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein; COVID-19 vaccine; adjuvant delivery particles; peritoneal immunization; mucosal immunity SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein; COVID-19 vaccine; adjuvant delivery particles; peritoneal immunization; mucosal immunity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jearanaiwitayakul, T.; Apichirapokey, S.; Chawengkirttikul, R.; Limthongkul, J.; Seesen, M.; Jakaew, P.; Trisiriwanich, S.; Sapsutthipas, S.; Sunintaboon, P.; Ubol, S. Peritoneal Administration of a Subunit Vaccine Encapsulated in a Nanodelivery System Not Only Augments Systemic Responses against SARS-CoV-2 but Also Stimulates Responses in the Respiratory Tract. Viruses 2021, 13, 2202. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112202

AMA Style

Jearanaiwitayakul T, Apichirapokey S, Chawengkirttikul R, Limthongkul J, Seesen M, Jakaew P, Trisiriwanich S, Sapsutthipas S, Sunintaboon P, Ubol S. Peritoneal Administration of a Subunit Vaccine Encapsulated in a Nanodelivery System Not Only Augments Systemic Responses against SARS-CoV-2 but Also Stimulates Responses in the Respiratory Tract. Viruses. 2021; 13(11):2202. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112202

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jearanaiwitayakul, Tuksin, Suttikarn Apichirapokey, Runglawan Chawengkirttikul, Jitra Limthongkul, Mathurin Seesen, Phissinee Jakaew, Sakalin Trisiriwanich, Sompong Sapsutthipas, Panya Sunintaboon, and Sukathida Ubol. 2021. "Peritoneal Administration of a Subunit Vaccine Encapsulated in a Nanodelivery System Not Only Augments Systemic Responses against SARS-CoV-2 but Also Stimulates Responses in the Respiratory Tract" Viruses 13, no. 11: 2202. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112202

APA Style

Jearanaiwitayakul, T., Apichirapokey, S., Chawengkirttikul, R., Limthongkul, J., Seesen, M., Jakaew, P., Trisiriwanich, S., Sapsutthipas, S., Sunintaboon, P., & Ubol, S. (2021). Peritoneal Administration of a Subunit Vaccine Encapsulated in a Nanodelivery System Not Only Augments Systemic Responses against SARS-CoV-2 but Also Stimulates Responses in the Respiratory Tract. Viruses, 13(11), 2202. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112202

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