The Impact of Cellular Proliferation on the HIV-1 Reservoir
1
Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
2
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
3
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2020, 12(2), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020127
Received: 17 December 2019 / Revised: 16 January 2020 / Accepted: 18 January 2020 / Published: 21 January 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV-1 Latency: Regulation and Reversal)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a chronic infection that destroys the immune system in infected individuals. Although antiretroviral therapy is effective at preventing infection of new cells, it is not curative. The inability to clear infection is due to the presence of a rare, but long-lasting latent cellular reservoir. These cells harboring silent integrated proviral genomes have the potential to become activated at any moment, making therapy necessary for life. Latently-infected cells can also proliferate and expand the viral reservoir through several methods including homeostatic proliferation and differentiation. The chromosomal location of HIV proviruses within cells influences the survival and proliferative potential of host cells. Proliferating, latently-infected cells can harbor proviruses that are both replication-competent and defective. Replication-competent proviral genomes contribute to viral rebound in an infected individual. The majority of available techniques can only assess the integration site or the proviral genome, but not both, preventing reliable evaluation of HIV reservoirs.
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Keywords:
HIV-1; latency; HSPC; T cell; proliferation; differentiation; integration; provirus
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MDPI and ACS Style
Virgilio, M.C.; Collins, K.L. The Impact of Cellular Proliferation on the HIV-1 Reservoir. Viruses 2020, 12, 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020127
AMA Style
Virgilio MC, Collins KL. The Impact of Cellular Proliferation on the HIV-1 Reservoir. Viruses. 2020; 12(2):127. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020127
Chicago/Turabian StyleVirgilio, Maria C.; Collins, Kathleen L. 2020. "The Impact of Cellular Proliferation on the HIV-1 Reservoir" Viruses 12, no. 2: 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020127
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