Virus-Induced Flowering by Apple Latent Spherical Virus Vector: Effective Use to Accelerate Breeding of Grapevine
by
Kiyoaki Maeda 1, Teppei Kikuchi 1, Ichiro Kasajima 2, Chungjiang Li 1, Noriko Yamagishi 2, Hiroyuki Yamashita 3 and Nobuyuki Yoshikawa 1,2,*
Kiyoaki Maeda 1, Teppei Kikuchi 1, Ichiro Kasajima 2, Chungjiang Li 1, Noriko Yamagishi 2, Hiroyuki Yamashita 3 and Nobuyuki Yoshikawa 1,2,*
1
Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
2
Agri-Innovation Center, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
3
Experimental Farm, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2020, 12(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010070
Received: 11 December 2019 / Revised: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 3 January 2020 / Published: 7 January 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Viruses to Biotechnology)
Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) was successfully used in promoting flowering (virus-induced flowering, VIF) in apple and pear seedlings. In this paper, we report the use of ALSV vectors for VIF in seedlings and in vitro cultures of grapevine. After adjusting experimental conditions for biolistic inoculation of virus RNA, ALSV efficiently infected not only progeny seedlings of Vitis spp. ‘Koshu,’ but also in vitro cultures of V. vinifera ‘Neo Muscat’ without inducing viral symptoms. The grapevine seedlings and in vitro cultures inoculated with an ALSV vector expressing the ‘florigen’ gene (Arabidopsis Flowering locus T, AtFT) started to set floral buds 20–30 days after inoculation. This VIF technology was successfully used to promote flowering and produce grapes with viable seeds in in vitro cultures of F1 hybrids from crosses between V. ficifolia and V. vinifera and made it possible to analyze the quality of fruits within a year after germination. High-temperature (37 °C) treatment of ALSV-infected grapevine disabled virus movement to newly growing tissue to obtain ALSV-free shoots. Thus, the VIF using ALSV vectors can be used to shorten the generation time of grapevine seedlings and accelerate breeding of grapevines with desired traits.
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Keywords:
grapevine; apple latent spherical virus vector; virus-induced flowering; reduced generation time; breeding of grapevine; virus elimination
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MDPI and ACS Style
Maeda, K.; Kikuchi, T.; Kasajima, I.; Li, C.; Yamagishi, N.; Yamashita, H.; Yoshikawa, N. Virus-Induced Flowering by Apple Latent Spherical Virus Vector: Effective Use to Accelerate Breeding of Grapevine. Viruses 2020, 12, 70.
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