Wood Protection through Plasma Powder Deposition—An Alternative Coating Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Coating Process
2.2. Surface Characterization
2.3. Water Uptake and Release Tests
2.3.1. Absorption
2.3.2. Desorption
2.3.3. Liquid Water Uptake
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Average Thickness and Surface Morphology
3.2. Chemical Surface Characterisation
- Wood reference and polyester layer: carbon (C 1s) and oxygen (O 1s),
- Bi coating and PBi: C 1s, O 1s and bismuth (Bi 4f)
- eCon and PeCon: C 1s, O 1s, aluminum (Al 2p) and silver (Ag 3d5).
3.3. UV/Vis Spectroscopy
3.4. Water Uptake and Release Test
4. Conclusions
- In the CSs, the metal oxide particles are largely embedded in the polyester.
- The layers containing bismuth oxide show a band gap in the visible spectral range of light at 540 nm, which allows its use as a potential UV protection of wood.
- The eCon MOLs show no protection against UV radiation but could reflect infrared light (<15 µm).
- The CSs with eCon show plasmon resonance probably due to their structure, which also serves as UV protection for wood.
- The bismuth MOLs show good reflective properties in long-wavelength infrared.
- The polyester-containing layers show a lower absorption behavior than the metal oxide layers.
- The metal oxide layers have a higher desorption behavior than the polyester-containing layers.
- The good behavior of the layers against water vapor could not be shown in the submersion test.
- The combination of metal oxide and polyester in the one-layer system combines the positive properties of the polyester layer in absorption and the metal oxide layer in desorption. The layers created in this way protect the wood from water vapor and exhibit good desorption properties.
- The combination of metal oxide and polyester in the one-layer system combines the protection properties of the single coatings against UV radiation and water vapor.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Powder | Plasma Power (%) | Process Gas Flow Rate (L/min) | Substrate Scan Speed (mm/s) | Powder Feed Rate (m³/h) | Powder Feed Speed (mm/h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polyester | 100 | 60 | 40 | 4.3 | 150 |
Metal oxide/metal | 100 | 60 | 40 | 2.2 | 100 |
Sample | C 1s | O 1s | Al 2p | Ag 3d5 | Bi 4f | F 1s |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beech reference | 68.14 | 31.86 | – | – | – | – |
Pine reference | 71.22 | 28.78 | – | – | – | – |
Beech P | 77.81 | 21.93 | – | – | – | 0.26 |
Pine P | 77.98 | 21.7 | – | – | – | 0.32 |
Beech Bi | 50.58 | 32.76 | – | – | 16.66 | – |
Pine Bi | 63.63 | 24.75 | – | – | 11.62 | – |
Beech PBi | 77.18 | 22.39 | – | – | 0.18 | 0.25 |
Pine PBi | 77.3 | 22.29 | – | – | 0.15 | 0.26 |
Beech eCon | 58.07 | 34.92 | 3.76 | 3.25 | – | – |
Pine eCon | 58.24 | 32.82 | 5.09 | 3.85 | – | – |
Beech PeCon | 77.13 | 22.17 | 0 | 0.21 | – | 0.49 |
Pine PeCon | 77.05 | 22.51 | 0 | 0.22 | – | 0.22 |
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Köhler, R.; Sauerbier, P.; Ohms, G.; Viöl, W.; Militz, H. Wood Protection through Plasma Powder Deposition—An Alternative Coating Process. Forests 2019, 10, 898. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10100898
Köhler R, Sauerbier P, Ohms G, Viöl W, Militz H. Wood Protection through Plasma Powder Deposition—An Alternative Coating Process. Forests. 2019; 10(10):898. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10100898
Chicago/Turabian StyleKöhler, Robert, Philipp Sauerbier, Gisela Ohms, Wolfgang Viöl, and Holger Militz. 2019. "Wood Protection through Plasma Powder Deposition—An Alternative Coating Process" Forests 10, no. 10: 898. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10100898