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Volume 18
Issue 20
10.3390/ma18204713
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Article

Influence of Increased TaNbV on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Energy Release Characteristics of High-Entropy Alloy HfZrTi(TaNbV)x

by
Chong Chen
,
Yusong Ma
,
Manhui Wei
,
Xiqiang Gai
,
Yue Peng
,
Yanqi Mei
,
Xinglong Liu
,
Kaichuang Zhang
* and
Jianbin Li
*
Military Chemical Defense Institute, Beijing 102200, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(20), 4713; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18204713 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 20 September 2025 / Revised: 8 October 2025 / Accepted: 9 October 2025 / Published: 14 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fabrication, Characterization, and Application of High Entropy Alloy)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In this study, we propose a novel energetic structural material, HfZrTi(TaNbV)x (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, Ta:Nb: V = 1:1:1), to improve the ductility and toughness of the HfZrTi high-entropy alloy (HEAs). The transformation of the single-phase Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) HfZrTi-based alloy into a Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) phase HfZrTiTaNbV alloy can be achieved by tuning the concentration of Group VB β-stabilizing elements. The proposed alloy combines the insensitivity and excellent mechanical strength of conventional inert alloys with the ability to react with air under high-velocity impact for energy release. The mechanical properties and energy release characteristics of HZTXx (H = Hf, Z = Zr, T = Ti, X = TaNbV) at various strain rates are systematically investigated, and comprehensive microstructural characterization is performed, establishing a clear structure–property relationship. Under high-rate loading, the rapid oxidation of reactive elements, such as Hf and Zr, with atmospheric oxygen releases substantial chemical energy, which can be further enhanced by an adiabatic temperature rise, inducing local thermal softening through adiabatic shear bands. This study elucidates the connection between the deformation response mechanism of HZTXx under dynamic loading and the microstructure, providing crucial insights for advancing the application of high-entropy alloys in energetic systems.
Keywords: high-entropy alloys (HEAs); dynamic mechanical properties; energetic structural materials high-entropy alloys (HEAs); dynamic mechanical properties; energetic structural materials

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, C.; Ma, Y.; Wei, M.; Gai, X.; Peng, Y.; Mei, Y.; Liu, X.; Zhang, K.; Li, J. Influence of Increased TaNbV on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Energy Release Characteristics of High-Entropy Alloy HfZrTi(TaNbV)x. Materials 2025, 18, 4713. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18204713

AMA Style

Chen C, Ma Y, Wei M, Gai X, Peng Y, Mei Y, Liu X, Zhang K, Li J. Influence of Increased TaNbV on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Energy Release Characteristics of High-Entropy Alloy HfZrTi(TaNbV)x. Materials. 2025; 18(20):4713. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18204713

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Chong, Yusong Ma, Manhui Wei, Xiqiang Gai, Yue Peng, Yanqi Mei, Xinglong Liu, Kaichuang Zhang, and Jianbin Li. 2025. "Influence of Increased TaNbV on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Energy Release Characteristics of High-Entropy Alloy HfZrTi(TaNbV)x" Materials 18, no. 20: 4713. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18204713

APA Style

Chen, C., Ma, Y., Wei, M., Gai, X., Peng, Y., Mei, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, K., & Li, J. (2025). Influence of Increased TaNbV on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Energy Release Characteristics of High-Entropy Alloy HfZrTi(TaNbV)x. Materials, 18(20), 4713. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18204713

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