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Article

Characterization and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Two New Bioglasses for Application in Dental Medicine—A Preliminary Study

by
Andra Clichici
1,
Gabriela Adriana Filip
2,*,†,
Marcela Achim
3,†,
Ioana Baldea
2,
Cecilia Cristea
4,
Gheorghe Melinte
4,
Ovidiu Pana
5,
Lucian Barbu Tudoran
5,
Diana Dudea
1 and
Razvan Stefan
6
1
Department of Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2
Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
3
Departments of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400606 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
4
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
5
National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
6
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to the work.
Materials 2022, 15(24), 9060; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15249060
Submission received: 27 October 2022 / Revised: 12 December 2022 / Accepted: 14 December 2022 / Published: 18 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications)
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Abstract

Bioactive glasses (BGs), also known as bioglasses, are very attractive and versatile materials that are increasingly being used in dentistry. For this study, two new bioglasses—one with boron (BG1) and another with boron and vanadium (BG2)—were synthesized, characterized, and tested on human dysplastic keratinocytes. The in vitro biological properties were evaluated through pH and zeta potential measurement, weight loss, Ca2+ ions released after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Furthermore, biocompatibility was evaluated through quantification of lactate dehydrogenase activity, oxidative stress, transcription factors, and DNA lesions. The results indicate that both BGs presented the same behavior in simulated fluids, characterized by high degradation, fast release of calcium and boron in the environment (especially from BG1), and increased pH and zeta potential. Both BGs reacted with the fluid, particularly BG2, with irregular deposits covering the glass surface. In vitro studies demonstrated that normal doses of the BGs were not cytotoxic to DOK, while high doses reduced cell viability. Both BGs induced oxidative stress and cell membrane damage and enhanced NFkB activation, especially BG1. The BGs down-regulated the expression of NFkB and diminished the DNA damage, suggesting the protective effects of the BGs on cell death and efficacy of DNA repair mechanisms.
Keywords: bioglasses; biocompatibility; human dysplastic keratinocytes; oxidative stress; DNA lesions bioglasses; biocompatibility; human dysplastic keratinocytes; oxidative stress; DNA lesions

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MDPI and ACS Style

Clichici, A.; Filip, G.A.; Achim, M.; Baldea, I.; Cristea, C.; Melinte, G.; Pana, O.; Tudoran, L.B.; Dudea, D.; Stefan, R. Characterization and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Two New Bioglasses for Application in Dental Medicine—A Preliminary Study. Materials 2022, 15, 9060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15249060

AMA Style

Clichici A, Filip GA, Achim M, Baldea I, Cristea C, Melinte G, Pana O, Tudoran LB, Dudea D, Stefan R. Characterization and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Two New Bioglasses for Application in Dental Medicine—A Preliminary Study. Materials. 2022; 15(24):9060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15249060

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clichici, Andra, Gabriela Adriana Filip, Marcela Achim, Ioana Baldea, Cecilia Cristea, Gheorghe Melinte, Ovidiu Pana, Lucian Barbu Tudoran, Diana Dudea, and Razvan Stefan. 2022. "Characterization and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Two New Bioglasses for Application in Dental Medicine—A Preliminary Study" Materials 15, no. 24: 9060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15249060

APA Style

Clichici, A., Filip, G. A., Achim, M., Baldea, I., Cristea, C., Melinte, G., Pana, O., Tudoran, L. B., Dudea, D., & Stefan, R. (2022). Characterization and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Two New Bioglasses for Application in Dental Medicine—A Preliminary Study. Materials, 15(24), 9060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15249060

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