Fracture and Size Effect of PFRC Specimens Simulated by Using a Trilinear Softening Diagram: A Predictive Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Benchmark
3. Embedded Cohesive Crack Model
4. Definition of the Trilinear Softening Diagrams
5. Results and Discussion
6. Study on the Influence of and
6.1. Influence of
6.2. Influence of
7. Conclusions
- The complete fracture behaviour of PFRC specimens can be numerically simulated using a predictive trilinear cohesive crack model, which can be defined a priori by means of empirical expressions obtained with lab tests different from those simulated. This diagram is defined by four points, with coordinates that depend on PFRC mechanical characteristics, i.e., the tensile strength of the matrix, the proportion of fibres, and the orientation factor. Abscissa values and (see Figure 3) are fixed based on experimental results obtained in previous literature. It is still an unsolved challenge to obtain expressions to estimate and using the mechanical characteristics of the PFRC.
- The softening diagrams are not equal for all specimen sizes and should be adjusted for each of them. This is mainly due to a different orientation factor that varies with the size of the specimen.
- The maximum remanent loads obtained for each size present a linear trend on the load–displacement diagram, which does not agree completely with the experimental observations, although the load–displacement and load–CMOD curves properly agree with the experimental envelopes for the three studied sizes.
- Modifying and affects the maximum remanent load on the load–displacement diagram and modifies the last part of this diagram but cannot capture the nonlinear trend of the remanent load among specimen sizes.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | SCC10 |
---|---|
Cement (kg/m) | 375 |
Limestone (kg/m) | 200 |
Water (kg/m) | 188 |
w/c | 0.5 |
Gravel (kg/m) | 245 |
Grit (kg/m) | 367 |
Sand (kg/m) | 918 |
Superplasticizer (% cement) | 1.25 |
PF48 (kg/m) | 10 |
Material density (g/cm) | 0.910 |
Eq. diameter (mm) | 0.903 |
Tensile strength (MPa) | >500 |
Modulus of elasticity (GPa) | >9 |
Specimen | Length (mm) | Width (mm) | Height (mm) | Notch (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Large | 1350 | 50 | 300 | 150 |
Medium | 675 | 50 | 150 | 75 |
Small | 340 | 50 | 75 | 37.5 |
(MPa) | (N/mm) | (mm) | (MPa) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Small/Medium/Large | 3.2 | 0.13 | 1.448 | 0.07143 | 0.57715 |
(MPa) | (MPa) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Small | 0.63 | 0.54 | 0.011 | 376 | 1.20 |
Medium | 0.62 | 0.54 | 0.011 | 376 | 1.18 |
Large | 0.72 | 0.54 | 0.011 | 376 | 1.37 |
Small | Medium | Large | |
---|---|---|---|
(mm) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
(MPa) | 3.20 | 3.20 | 3.20 |
(mm) | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
(MPa) | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.57 |
(mm) | 1.650 | 1.650 | 1.650 |
(MPa) | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.37 |
(mm) | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 |
(MPa) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
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Suárez, F.; Gálvez, J.C.; Alberti, M.G.; Enfedaque, A. Fracture and Size Effect of PFRC Specimens Simulated by Using a Trilinear Softening Diagram: A Predictive Approach. Materials 2021, 14, 3795. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143795
Suárez F, Gálvez JC, Alberti MG, Enfedaque A. Fracture and Size Effect of PFRC Specimens Simulated by Using a Trilinear Softening Diagram: A Predictive Approach. Materials. 2021; 14(14):3795. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143795
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuárez, Fernando, Jaime C. Gálvez, Marcos G. Alberti, and Alejandro Enfedaque. 2021. "Fracture and Size Effect of PFRC Specimens Simulated by Using a Trilinear Softening Diagram: A Predictive Approach" Materials 14, no. 14: 3795. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143795
APA StyleSuárez, F., Gálvez, J. C., Alberti, M. G., & Enfedaque, A. (2021). Fracture and Size Effect of PFRC Specimens Simulated by Using a Trilinear Softening Diagram: A Predictive Approach. Materials, 14(14), 3795. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143795