Effects of Steel Slag Powder and Expansive Agent on the Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC): Based on a Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental
2.2.1. Mix Design of Concrete Skeleton
2.2.2. Flowability
2.2.3. Mechanical Properties
2.2.4. Total Shrinkage
2.3.5. Hydration Heat
2.3.6. Adiabatic Temperature Rise
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Slump Flow
3.2. Compressive Strength
3.3. Total Shrinkage
3.4. Isothermal Calorimetry
3.5. Adiabatic Temperature Rise
3.6. A Case Study of Mass UHPC for Bridge Steel Cable Tower
4. Conclusions
- With the increase of SSP content, the workability and compressive strength of the designed UHPC decreases. This is mainly due to the addition of SSP decreases the stress state between particles, aggregate and mortar, which declines the slump flow and strength. The additional EA has a negative effect on the workability and mechanical properties of UHPC. The suitable contents of SSP and EA are 15 wt.% and 5 wt.%, respectively.
- The incorporation of SSP and EA significantly reduces the total shrinkage and hydration release heat of UHPC. The total shrinkage at the age of 180 days is decreased by approximately 40%. Moreover, the adiabatic temperature rise of UHPC containing SSP and EA obtained from the experimental test is 59.5 °C, which is reduced by 6.1 °C compared with the control group.
- The monitored temperature peak appears and reaches 90 °C at 30 h after casting, while the temperature difference between inside and outside is small during the whole monitoring process, the maximum adiabatic temperature rise is 61 °C and the maximum temperature difference is 15 °C, respectively. The heat release in the mass UHPC of the tower steel concrete section is consistent with the adiabatic temperature rise gained in laboratory.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical Composition | OPC | SF | LS | SSP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Al2O3 | 5.69 | 0.25 | 0.09 | 0.84 |
SiO2 | 21.27 | 94.65 | 0.41 | 12.67 |
CaO | 60.15 | 0.36 | 54.75 | 48.66 |
MgO | 2.41 | 0.47 | 2.61 | 2.80 |
Fe2O3 | 3.16 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 21.70 |
Na2O | 0.14 | 0.13 | - | - |
K2O | 0.69 | 0.84 | - | - |
SO3 | 3.66 | 0.69 | - | - |
L.O.I | 3.95 | 2.29 | 39.9 | 8.59 |
Physical properties | - | - | - | - |
Specific gravity (kg/m3) | 3210 | 2300 | 2640 | 2810 |
Specific surface area (m2/kg) | 380 | 3800 | 1200 | 600 |
Water demand ratio (%) | 100 | 115 | 105 | 95 |
No. | OPC (kg/m3) | SF (kg/m3) | LP (kg/m3) | SSP (kg/m3) | EA (kg/m3) | QP (kg/m3) | QS (kg/m3) | Water (kg/m3) | SP (kg/m3) | SSF (vol.%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R0 | 700 | 100 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 150 | 850 | 160 | 18 | 2 |
R1 | 600 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 0 | 150 | 850 | 160 | 18 | 2 |
R2 | 550 | 100 | 200 | 150 | 0 | 150 | 850 | 160 | 18 | 2 |
R3 | 500 | 100 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 150 | 850 | 160 | 18 | 2 |
R4 | 665 | 100 | 200 | 0 | 35 | 150 | 850 | 160 | 18 | 2 |
R5 | 515 | 100 | 200 | 150 | 35 | 150 | 850 | 160 | 18 | 2 |
R6 | 494 | 100 | 200 | 150 | 56 | 150 | 850 | 160 | 18 | 2 |
Slump Flow (mm) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | Compressive Strength (MPa) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zero Time | 1 h | 3 days | 7 days | 28 days | 3 days | 7 days | 28 days |
610 | 600 | 21.5 | 23.6 | 25.4 | 62.5 | 110.0 | 141.2 |
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Li, S.; Cheng, S.; Mo, L.; Deng, M. Effects of Steel Slag Powder and Expansive Agent on the Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC): Based on a Case Study. Materials 2020, 13, 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030683
Li S, Cheng S, Mo L, Deng M. Effects of Steel Slag Powder and Expansive Agent on the Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC): Based on a Case Study. Materials. 2020; 13(3):683. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030683
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Shunkai, Shukai Cheng, Liwu Mo, and Min Deng. 2020. "Effects of Steel Slag Powder and Expansive Agent on the Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC): Based on a Case Study" Materials 13, no. 3: 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030683