Pyrometric-Based Melt Pool Monitoring Study of CuCr1Zr Processed Using L-PBF
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material and Processing
- (a)
- For the material density (porosity) optimization and process window determination, 160 cuboids (10 × 10 × 12 mm3) were produced using 114 different processing parameters with hatch distances h from 80 µm to 180 µm, scan velocities v from 200 to 1000 mm/s, two different laser powers P (350 W, 400 W), and two different layer thicknesses t (30 µm and 50 µm). No separate contour strategy was used.
- (b)
- In order to investigate the influence of upscaling and geometry, larger and geometrically challenging thermo-mechanical-fatigue (TMF) test-panels and segments thereof were manufactured with two-parameter combinations determined from the porosity optimization (t = 50 µm, P = 400 W, h = 120 µm and two different velocities v = 300 mm/s and 500 mm/s).
2.2. Experimental Methods
2.3. MPM
- For cuboids: when calculating the mean values of an MPM intensity (or the quotient) per layer, python scripts that take a data point every 200 µs into account were devised. This amounts to 2 × 106 non-zero values for the total built platform per layer, or ≈25,000 data points for each specimen per layer, respectively. The 3D visualization was carried out with a DLR-software in conjunction with AVIZO. From the build with t = 30 µm, data points were read every 50 µs and averaged onto a grid with a voxel size of 0.09 × 0.09 × 0.03 mm3. From the build with t = 50 µm, data points were read every 50 µs and averaged onto a grid with a voxel size of 0.09 × 0.09 × 0.05 mm3.
- For the build with segments of TMF-panels: data points were read and averaged every 50 µs onto a grid with a voxel size of 0.15 × 0.15 × 0.15 mm3.
- For the build with full TMF-panels: data points were read and averaged every 100 µs onto a grid with a voxel size of 0.15 × 0.15 × 0.15 mm3.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Part I: Cuboids
3.1.1. Density Analysis with LOM and Archimedes Method
3.1.2. MPM of Coupon Specimen
3.2. Part II: Components
3.2.1. Influence of Geometry and Build Strategy on Porosity
3.2.2. Identification of Single Part Irregularities from MPM
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Area 1 | Area 2 | Area 3 | Area 4 | Area 5 | Area 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pore count | 360 ± 45 | 186 ± 63 | 410 ± 48 | 327 ± 8 | 381 ± 26 | 381 ± 32 |
Porosity [%] | 0.59 ± 0.18 | 0.40 ± 0.11 | 0.61 ± 0.12 | 0.55 ± 0.03 | 0.67 ± 0.17 | 0.58 ± 0.04 |
A50 [µm2] | 115 ± 18 | 120 ± 41 | 119 ± 25 | 120 ± 25 | 116 ± 23 | 117 ± 24 |
A90 [µm2] | 652 ± 131 | 838 ± 267 | 689 ± 105 | 689 ± 25 | 677 ± 23 | 652 ± 24 |
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Artzt, K.; Siggel, M.; Kleinert, J.; Riccius, J.; Requena, G.; Haubrich, J. Pyrometric-Based Melt Pool Monitoring Study of CuCr1Zr Processed Using L-PBF. Materials 2020, 13, 4626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204626
Artzt K, Siggel M, Kleinert J, Riccius J, Requena G, Haubrich J. Pyrometric-Based Melt Pool Monitoring Study of CuCr1Zr Processed Using L-PBF. Materials. 2020; 13(20):4626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204626
Chicago/Turabian StyleArtzt, Katia, Martin Siggel, Jan Kleinert, Joerg Riccius, Guillermo Requena, and Jan Haubrich. 2020. "Pyrometric-Based Melt Pool Monitoring Study of CuCr1Zr Processed Using L-PBF" Materials 13, no. 20: 4626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204626