Isokinetic Analysis of Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14Y2C15B6 Bulk Metallic Glass: Effect of Minor Copper Addition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Isoconversional Methods
3.1.1. Local Activation Energy
3.1.2. Apparent Activation Energy
3.2. Nucleation and Growth Mechanisms
3.2.1. Avrami Exponent and the Rate Constant
3.2.2. Relationship between n & m Parameters
3.3. Microstructural Observations
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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X (at.%) | Heating Rate (°C/min) | Tg (°C) | Tx (°C) | Tm (°C) | Tl (°C) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.00 | 5 | 472 | 595 | 1105 | 1156 | This work |
10 | 499 | 601 | 1108 | 1159 | This work | |
20 | 516 | 610 | 1112 | 1165 | [17] | |
0.25 | 5 | 507 | 597 | 1108 | 1153 | This work |
10 | 530 | 604 | 1111 | 1157 | This work | |
20 | 545 | 609 | 1114 | 1162 | [17] | |
0.50 | 5 | 512 | 601 | 1107 | 1154 | This work |
10 | 533 | 605 | 1109 | 1159 | This work | |
20 | 552 | 612 | 1113 | 1163 | [17] |
Peak Number | X(at.%) | E (kJ/mol) | Heating Rate (°C/min) | Kp | n | Reference | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FWO | KAS | Augis and Bennet | Gao–Wang | Gao–Wang | Gao–Wang | JMAK | Augis and Bennet | ||||
I | 0.00 | 546.0 ± 11.0 | 559.3 ± 11.5 | 578.3 ± 2.4 | 583.2 ± 2.4 | 5 | 0.449 | 1.66 | 1.88 ± 0.03 | 1.71 | [37] |
10 | 0.882 | 1.67 | 1.92 ± 0.03 | 1.82 | [37] | ||||||
20 | 1.735 | 1.72 | 1.95 ± 0.04 | 1.90 | [37] | ||||||
0.25 | – | – | 525.9 ± 3.7 | 505.5 ± 4.3 | 5 | 0.451 | 1.98 | – | 2.09 | This work | |
10 | 0.768 | 2.02 | – | 2.14 | This work | ||||||
20 | 1.512 | 2.17 | – | 2.23 | This work | ||||||
0.50 | 512.5 ± 3.4 | 524.1 ± 3.5 | 528.6 ± 5.2 | 525.6 ± 7.2 | 5 | 0.413 | 1.99 | 2.18 ± 0.02 | 1.88 | This work | |
10 | 0.782 | 1.95 | 2.21 ± 0.02 | 1.97 | This work | ||||||
20 | 1.540 | 2.00 | 2.25 ± 0.03 | 2.12 | This work | ||||||
II | 0.00 | 616.2 ± 4.5 | 632.3 ± 4.7 | 627.6 ± 3.3 | 636.6 ± 3.3 | 5 | 0.445 | 1.43 | 1.48 ± 0.08 | 1.45 | [37] |
10 | 0.875 | 1.45 | 1.49 ± 0.06 | 1.47 | [37] | ||||||
20 | 1.724 | 1.49 | 1.53 ± 0.08 | 1.49 | [37] | ||||||
0.25 | 578.0 ± 3.4 | 582.0 ± 3.7 | 615.8 ± 4.2 | 599.2 ± 5.1 | 5 | 0.355 | 1.82 | 1.79 ± 0.05 | 1.78 | This work | |
10 | 0.712 | 1.84 | 1.80 ± 0.07 | 1.82 | This work | ||||||
20 | 1.354 | 1.86 | 1.83 ± 0.06 | 1.89 | This work | ||||||
0.50 | 601.6 ± 3.5 | 605.9 ± 3.5 | 638.2 ± 8.3 | 620.3 ± 3.8 | 5 | 0.432 | 1.77 | 1.82 ± 0.08 | 1.74 | This work | |
10 | 0.723 | 1.83 | 1.95 ± 0.07 | 1.79 | This work | ||||||
20 | 1.421 | 1.88 | 2.01 ± 0.08 | 1.82 | This work | ||||||
III | 0.00 | 513.5 ± 2.3 | 591.6 ± 2.4 | 588.7 ± 5.1 | 592.7 ± 5.1 | 5 | 0.378 | 1.98 | 1.88 ± 0.13 | 1.78 | [37] |
10 | 0.745 | 2.10 | 1.92 ± 0.12 | 1.82 | [37] | ||||||
20 | 1.460 | 2.30 | 1.90 ± 0.11 | 1.89 | [37] | ||||||
0.25 | – | – | 586.0 ± 7.2 | 575.9 ± 6.7 | 5 | 0.295 | 2.71 | – | 2.84 | This work | |
10 | 0.462 | 2.83 | – | 2.88 | This work | ||||||
20 | 0.955 | 3.21 | – | 3.12 | This work | ||||||
0.50 | 467.4 ± 4.6 | 474.8 ± 4.6 | 514.2 ± 6.5 | 501.4 ± 5.1 | 5 | 0.319 | 2.91 | 3.08 ± 0.12 | 2.79 | This work | |
10 | 0.55 | 2.93 | 3.16 ± 0.12 | 2.87 | This work | ||||||
20 | 1.492 | 3.37 | 3.22 ± 0.13 | 3.12 | This work | ||||||
IV | 0.00 | 826.5 ± 9.5 | 808.0 ± 9.5 | 929.2 ± 6.3 | 935.2 ± 6.3 | 5 | 0.412 | 3.31 | 3.71 ± 0.07 | 3.61 | [37] |
10 | 0.810 | 3.85 | 3.85 ± 0.07 | 3.74 | [37] | ||||||
20 | 1.600 | 4.20 | 3.91 ± 0.06 | 3.82 | [37] | ||||||
0.25 | – | – | 1072.7 ± 8.2 | 1062.6 ± 7.3 | 5 | 0.565 | 2.83 | – | 2.97 | This work | |
10 | 0.954 | 2.93 | – | 3.07 | This work | ||||||
20 | 1.566 | 4.09 | – | 3.12 | This work | ||||||
0.50 | 1063.9 ± 5.7 | 1068.7 ± 3.4 | 1096.0 ± 3.8 | 1078.9 ± 6.9 | 5 | 0.552 | 3.98 | 4.29 ± 0.06 | 3.85 | This work | |
10 | 1.091 | 4.01 | 4.35 ± 0.08 | 4.12 | This work | ||||||
20 | 1.576 | 4.22 | 4.39 ± 0.08 | 4.15 | This work |
Peak Number | X (at.%) | Avrami Exponent (n) | Dimensionality of Growth (m) | Growth Index (p) | Nucleation Index (b) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | 0.00 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | [37] |
0.25 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | This work | |
0.50 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | This work | |
II | 0.00 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | [37] |
0.25 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | This work | |
0.50 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | This work | |
III | 0.00 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | [37] |
0.25 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | This work | |
0.50 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | This work | |
IV | 0.00 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | [37] |
0.25 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | This work | |
0.50 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | This work |
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Rezaei-Shahreza, P.; Seifoddini, A.; Hasani, S.; Jaafari, Z.; Śliwa, A.; Nabiałek, M. Isokinetic Analysis of Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14Y2C15B6 Bulk Metallic Glass: Effect of Minor Copper Addition. Materials 2020, 13, 3704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173704
Rezaei-Shahreza P, Seifoddini A, Hasani S, Jaafari Z, Śliwa A, Nabiałek M. Isokinetic Analysis of Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14Y2C15B6 Bulk Metallic Glass: Effect of Minor Copper Addition. Materials. 2020; 13(17):3704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173704
Chicago/Turabian StyleRezaei-Shahreza, Parisa, Amir Seifoddini, Saeed Hasani, Zahra Jaafari, Agata Śliwa, and Marcin Nabiałek. 2020. "Isokinetic Analysis of Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14Y2C15B6 Bulk Metallic Glass: Effect of Minor Copper Addition" Materials 13, no. 17: 3704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173704