Diffusive Steel Scrap Melting in Carbon-Saturated Hot Metal—Phenomenological Investigation at the Solid–Liquid Interface
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Phenomenological Understanding of Scrap Melting and Dissolution Processes
- Stage 1: Solidification of a liquid hot metal layer on the surface of cold scrap, which will re-melt fast after enough superheat is available. Heat and mass transfer work simultaneously.
- Stage 2: Dissolution of the scrap, depending on the carbon composition of the hot metal and the scrap, also defined as diffusive melting. At this stage, superheat will be consumed for promoting necessary mass transfer. Because heat transfer is much faster than mass transfer, and the carbon content in the solid steel is much lower than in the liquid melt, only mass transfer has to be considered.
- Stage 3: A forced or convective scrap melting stage will be reached if the temperature of the hot metal exceeds the melting temperature of the scrap. In this case, only heat transfer should be considered.
3. Theoretical Description
4. Experimental Investigation
4.1. Experimental Setup and Melting
4.2. Sample Preparation
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Effect of Bath Temperature on Dissolution
5.2. Optical Microscopy Observations
5.3. Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) Observations
5.4. Discussion of Mass Balance According to EPMA Investigations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Definition | Hot Metal | Scrap |
---|---|---|
Carbon content (wt.-%) | 4.58 | 0.1 |
Silicon content (wt.-%) | 0.37 | 0.0733 |
Manganese content (wt.-%) | 0.63 | 0.479 |
Phosphorus content (wt.-%) | 0.07 | 0.01 |
Mass (g) | 330 | 26.3 |
Initial temperature (°C) | 1305/1370/1450 | 25 |
Equilibrium temperature (°C) | 1230/1300/1385 | 1230/1300/1385 |
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Penz, F.M.; Schenk, J.; Ammer, R.; Klösch, G.; Pastucha, K.; Reischl, M. Diffusive Steel Scrap Melting in Carbon-Saturated Hot Metal—Phenomenological Investigation at the Solid–Liquid Interface. Materials 2019, 12, 1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12081358
Penz FM, Schenk J, Ammer R, Klösch G, Pastucha K, Reischl M. Diffusive Steel Scrap Melting in Carbon-Saturated Hot Metal—Phenomenological Investigation at the Solid–Liquid Interface. Materials. 2019; 12(8):1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12081358
Chicago/Turabian StylePenz, Florian Markus, Johannes Schenk, Rainer Ammer, Gerald Klösch, Krzysztof Pastucha, and Michael Reischl. 2019. "Diffusive Steel Scrap Melting in Carbon-Saturated Hot Metal—Phenomenological Investigation at the Solid–Liquid Interface" Materials 12, no. 8: 1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12081358