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Article

Reusing Discarded Ballast Waste in Ecological Cements

ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Materials 2019, 12(23), 3887; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233887
Received: 13 October 2019 / Revised: 20 November 2019 / Accepted: 21 November 2019 / Published: 25 November 2019
Numerous waste streams can be employed in different cement production processes, and the inclusion of pozzolans will, moreover, permit the manufacture of concrete with improved hydraulic properties. Pozzolanic materials can be added to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in the range of 10%–20% by mass of cement. One such example is the phyllosilicate kaolinite (K), and its calcined derivative metakaolin (MK), incorporated in international cement manufacturing standards, due to its high reactivity and utility as a pozzolan. In the present paper, discarded ballast classed as Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) is reused as a pozzolanic material. Various techniques are used to characterize its chemical, mineralogical, and morphological properties, alongside its mechanical properties, such as compressive and flexural strength. Discarded ballast in substitution of cement at levels of 10% and 20% produced type II or IV pozzolanic cements that yielded satisfactory test results. View Full-Text
Keywords: cements; ballast waste; cornubianite; mechanical properties; Spain cements; ballast waste; cornubianite; mechanical properties; Spain
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MDPI and ACS Style

Yagüe García, S.; González Gaya, C. Reusing Discarded Ballast Waste in Ecological Cements. Materials 2019, 12, 3887. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233887

AMA Style

Yagüe García S, González Gaya C. Reusing Discarded Ballast Waste in Ecological Cements. Materials. 2019; 12(23):3887. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233887

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yagüe García, Santiago, and Cristina González Gaya. 2019. "Reusing Discarded Ballast Waste in Ecological Cements" Materials 12, no. 23: 3887. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233887

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