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Article

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Analysis for Elucidating the Mechanism of Photosystem II Acclimation to Cadmium Exposure in the Hyperaccumulating Plant Noccaea caerulescens

1
Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
2
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
3
Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2018, 11(12), 2580; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122580
Received: 11 November 2018 / Revised: 12 December 2018 / Accepted: 13 December 2018 / Published: 18 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine)
We provide new data on the mechanism of Noccaea caerulescens acclimation to Cd exposure by elucidating the process of photosystem II (PSII) acclimation by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis. Seeds from the metallophyte N. caerulescens were grown in hydroponic culture for 12 weeks before exposure to 40 and 120 μM Cd for 3 and 4 days. At the beginning of exposure to 40 μM Cd, we observed a spatial leaf heterogeneity of decreased PSII photochemistry, that later recovered completely. This acclimation was achieved possibly through the reduced plastoquinone (PQ) pool signaling. Exposure to 120 μM Cd under the growth light did not affect PSII photochemistry, while under high light due to a photoprotective mechanism (regulated heat dissipation for protection) that down-regulated PSII quantum yield, the quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO) decreased even more than control values. Thus, N. caerulescens plants exposed to 120 μM Cd for 4 days exhibited lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as singlet oxygen (1O2). The response of N. caerulescens to Cd exposure fits the ‘Threshold for Tolerance Model’, with a lag time of 4 d and a threshold concentration of 40 μM Cd required for the induction of the acclimation mechanism. View Full-Text
Keywords: Cd toxicity; detoxification mechanism; photochemical quenching; photosynthetic heterogeneity; photoprotective mechanism; phytoremediation; plastoquinone pool; redox state; spatiotemporal variation Cd toxicity; detoxification mechanism; photochemical quenching; photosynthetic heterogeneity; photoprotective mechanism; phytoremediation; plastoquinone pool; redox state; spatiotemporal variation
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MDPI and ACS Style

Bayçu, G.; Moustaka, J.; Gevrek, N.; Moustakas, M. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Analysis for Elucidating the Mechanism of Photosystem II Acclimation to Cadmium Exposure in the Hyperaccumulating Plant Noccaea caerulescens. Materials 2018, 11, 2580. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122580

AMA Style

Bayçu G, Moustaka J, Gevrek N, Moustakas M. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Analysis for Elucidating the Mechanism of Photosystem II Acclimation to Cadmium Exposure in the Hyperaccumulating Plant Noccaea caerulescens. Materials. 2018; 11(12):2580. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122580

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bayçu, Gülriz, Julietta Moustaka, Nurbir Gevrek, and Michael Moustakas. 2018. "Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Analysis for Elucidating the Mechanism of Photosystem II Acclimation to Cadmium Exposure in the Hyperaccumulating Plant Noccaea caerulescens" Materials 11, no. 12: 2580. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122580

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