Correction: Jia et al. Economic Analysis of Nuclear Energy Cogeneration: A Comprehensive Review on Integrated Utilization. Energies 2025, 18, 2929

1. Text Correction

There was an error in the original publication [1]. In several sections, specific case study examples were inaccurately cited or required updating for clarity and relevance.

A correction has been made to the Abstract.

In the Abstract, “Finland” has been removed from “Case studies from Finland, China, and Canada demonstrate operational successes”.

A correction has been made to Section 1, Section 2.1.1, Section 2.1.2, Section 2.2.3 and Section 2.3.1.

In Section 1 (Introduction), “Finland integrates NPPs with district heating networks, reducing natural gas dependency by 15% in Helsinki [22,39]” has been removed.

In Section 2.1.1 (Low-Temperature Applications), “Finland’s Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) [22] as well as” and “the Loviisa system supplies a staggering 90% of Helsinki’s heating demand at temperatures ranging from 90 °C to 120 °C. This translates to a significant reduction of 1.2 Mt/y in CO₂ emissions compared to conventional gas boilers.” have been removed.

In Section 2.1.2 (Medium-Temperature System), “Darlington” has been removed.

In Section 2.2.3 (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors), “The Darlington Nuclear Generating Station in Canada [52] has demonstrated this potential by supplying steam to adjacent industrial facilities, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by an estimated 450,000 tons per year. PHWRs also excel in hybrid energy systems.” has been removed. It has been replaced with a description of the hybrid desalination system at the Madras Atomic Power Station at India Kalpakkam. “The Madras Atomic Power Station at Kalpakkam [61] utilizes a hybrid desalination system. It combines Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) distillation and Reverse Osmosis (RO) technologies. With a total capacity of 6300 m³/day, the plant produces high-purity water for reactor and domestic use.”

In Section 2.3.1 (Thermal Extraction Techniques), “such as in Finland’s Loviisa plant [22]” has been removed.

In Section 4.1 (District Heating Systems), “In Finland, the Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant supplies 90% of Helsinki’s residential and commercial heating demand through a 1200 km distribution network, achieving a levelized cost of heat (LCOH) of EUR 35 per megawatt-hour [22]. This system reduces annual carbon emissions by 25–70 metric tons of CO₂ per gigawatt-hour of heat generated while offsetting 50% of pipeline infrastructure investments through shared utility corridors” has been removed.

2. Error in Table

In the original publication, there was a mistake in Table 2 (Classification of nuclear cogeneration applications by thermal range) as published. The case studies listed in the “Case” column for the <250 °C and 250–550 °C thermal ranges were incorrect or outdated.

The corrected

Table 2. Classification of nuclear cogeneration applications by thermal range.

Thermal Range	Applications	Reactor Types	Case
<250 °C	District heating, RO desalination	PWR, BWR	China Haiyang [34]
250–550 °C	MED desalination, petrochemicals	CANDU, PHWR	Canada SMR [44]
>550 °C	HT electrolysis, steel production	HTGR, MSR, VHTR	Japan GTHTR300C [24], China HTR-PM [45]

appears below.

3. Missing Citation

In the original publication, the citations for the “Indian Kalpakkam” case studies in Section 2.2.3 were missing. The citations have now been inserted in Section 2.2.3.

For the Indian Kalpakkam plant, the citation (Khamis et al., 2011) has been added.

4. References

References removed:

12.

Tulkki, V.; Pursiheimo, E.; Lindroos, T.J. District Heat with Small Modular Reactors (SMR); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland: Espoo, Finland, 2017.

22.

Leurent, M.; Jasserand, F.; Locatelli, G.; Palm, J.; Rämä, M.; Trianni, A. Driving forces and obstacles to nuclear cogeneration in Europe: Lessons learnt from Finland. Energy Policy 2017, 107, 138–150.

39.

Kontu, K.; Rinne, S.; Olkkonen, V.; Lahdelma, R.; Salminen, P. Multicriteria evaluation of heating choices for a new sustainable residential area. Energy Build. 2015, 93, 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.02.003.

Reference added:

61.

Khamis, I.; Kavvadias, K.C.; Sánchez-Cervera, I.G. Nuclear desalination: A viable option of the future based on existing experience. Desalination Water Treat. 2011, 33, 316–322.

With this correction, the order of some references has been adjusted accordingly. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.