GIS-AHP-Based Site Suitability Assessment for Green Hydrogen Production: A Case Study of Lüderitz, Namibia

Namibia’s vast renewable energy potential positions it as a strategic location for green hydrogen production, a key vector in advancing global decarbonization objectives. Nevertheless, identifying optimal production sites remains a complex and multidimensional challenge. This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic and spatial assessment to determine the most suitable areas for large-scale green hydrogen production in Lüderitz, Namibia. The analysis employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process integrated with Geographic Information System techniques to evaluate and spatially prioritize potential sites. Critical criteria, including solar irradiance, wind velocity, land use, and proximity to essential infrastructure, were systematically weighted and overlayed to generate suitability classifications. The results indicate that approximately 20% of the study area exhibits high suitability, 68% exhibits moderate suitability, 8% exhibits marginal suitability, and 4% is unsuitable for the development of integrated wind and solar energy. These findings provide a robust scientific basis for guiding policy formulation, investment planning, and the spatial optimization of Namibia’s emerging green hydrogen industry.