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Enhanced Three-Phase Inverter Control: Robust Sliding Mode Control with Washout Filter for Low Harmonics
by
Fredy E. Hoyos
Fredy E. Hoyos
Fredy E. Hoyos received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, in in [...]
Fredy E. Hoyos received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia, in Electrical Engineering and Industrial Automation in 2006 and 2009, respectively, and his Ph.D. in Industrial Automation in 2012. Dr. Hoyos is currently an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Minas, Department of Electrical Energy and Automation, at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia. His research interests include nonlinear control, system modeling, nonlinear dynamics analysis, real-time control, control of non-smooth systems, and power electronics, with applications across a broad range of technological processes, especially in converter control and power electronics. Dr. Hoyos is a Senior Researcher in Colciencias and a member of the Applied Technologies Research Group (GITA) and the Digital Signal Processing for Real-Time Systems Research Group at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
1,*
,
John E. Candelo-Becerra
John E. Candelo-Becerra
John E. Candelo-Becerra received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering in 2002 and his Ph.D. in with an [...]
John E. Candelo-Becerra received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering in 2002 and his Ph.D. in Engineering with an emphasis on Electrical Engineering in 2009 from the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. His employment experiences include working at the Empresa de Energía del Pacífico EPSA, Universidad del Norte, and Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín. He is now a Full Professor at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín. His research interests include engineering education;
the planning, operation, and control of power systems; artificial intelligence; and smart grids. He is a senior researcher in Colciencias and a member of the Applied Technologies Research Group, GITA, at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
1,*
and
Alejandro Rincón
Alejandro Rincón
Alejandro Rincón received a B.Sc. in Chemical Engineering, an M.Sc. in Engineering–Industrial and [...]
Alejandro Rincón received a B.Sc. in Chemical Engineering, an M.Sc. in Engineering–Industrial Automation, and a Ph.D. in Engineering–Automation, from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia at Manizales, Colombia, in 2006, 2007, and 2010, respectively. He is an Associate Professor with the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Colombia. His research interests include system modeling (with model training and testing), Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), Machine Learning (ML) and nonlinear dynamics analysis, with applications in biological and environmental systems. Alejandro Rincon is a junior researcher in Minciencias and a member of the Technological and Applied Development Research Group (GIDTA) and the Agroindustrial Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Group (GIMIBAG) at the Universidad Catolica de Manizales.
2,3,*
1
Departamento de Energía Eléctrica y Automática, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Carrera 80 No. 65-223, Robledo, Medellín 050041, Colombia
2
Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollos Tecnológicos y Ambientales—GIDTA, Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Carrera 23 No. 60-63, Manizales 170002, Colombia
3
Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Biotecnología Agroindustrial—GIMIBAG, Instituto de Investigación en Microbiología y Biotecnología Agroindustrial, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Carrera 23 No. 60-63, Manizales 170002, Colombia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(22), 5889; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18225889 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 26 August 2025
/
Revised: 4 November 2025
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Accepted: 5 November 2025
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Published: 8 November 2025
Abstract
This paper presents a robust control strategy for three-phase inverters that combines Sliding Mode Control with a Washout Filter (SMC-w) to achieve low harmonic distortion and high dynamic stability. The proposed approach addresses the critical challenge of maintaining the stability of a high-quality output signal while ensuring robustness against disturbances and adaptability under variable, unbalanced, and nonlinear loads. The proposed hybrid controller integrates the fast response and disturbance rejection capability of SMC with the filtering properties of the washout stage, effectively mitigating low-frequency chattering and steady-state offsets. A detailed stability analysis is provided to ensure the closed-loop convergence of the SMC–w. Simulation results obtained in MATLAB–Simulink demonstrate significant improvements in transient response, total harmonic distortion, and robustness under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions compared to conventional control methods. The inverter demonstrated rapid tracking of the reference signals with a minimal error margin of 3%, effective frequency regulation with a low steady-state error, and resilience to input disturbances and load variations. For instance, under a load variation from 20 Ω to 5 Ω, the system maintained the output voltage accuracy within a 3% error threshold. In addition, the input perturbations and frequency shifts in the reference signals were effectively rejected, confirming the robustness of the control strategy. Furthermore, the integration of the SMC proved to be highly effective in reducing harmonic distortion and delivering a stable and high-quality sinusoidal output. The integration of the washout filter minimized the chattering phenomenon typically associated with the SMC, further enhancing the smooth response and reliability of the system. This study highlights the potential of SMC–w to optimize power quality and operational stability. This study offers significant insights into the development of advanced inverter systems that can operate in dynamic and challenging environments.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Hoyos, F.E.; Candelo-Becerra, J.E.; Rincón, A.
Enhanced Three-Phase Inverter Control: Robust Sliding Mode Control with Washout Filter for Low Harmonics. Energies 2025, 18, 5889.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en18225889
AMA Style
Hoyos FE, Candelo-Becerra JE, Rincón A.
Enhanced Three-Phase Inverter Control: Robust Sliding Mode Control with Washout Filter for Low Harmonics. Energies. 2025; 18(22):5889.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en18225889
Chicago/Turabian Style
Hoyos, Fredy E., John E. Candelo-Becerra, and Alejandro Rincón.
2025. "Enhanced Three-Phase Inverter Control: Robust Sliding Mode Control with Washout Filter for Low Harmonics" Energies 18, no. 22: 5889.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en18225889
APA Style
Hoyos, F. E., Candelo-Becerra, J. E., & Rincón, A.
(2025). Enhanced Three-Phase Inverter Control: Robust Sliding Mode Control with Washout Filter for Low Harmonics. Energies, 18(22), 5889.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en18225889
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