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Energies
Volume 18
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10.3390/en18020323
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Article

A Two-Stage Robust Optimization Strategy for Long-Term Energy Storage and Cascaded Utilization of Cold and Heat Energy in Peer-to-Peer Electricity Energy Trading

by
Yun Chen
1,
Yunhao Zhao
2,*,
Xinghao Zhang
3,
Ying Wang
3,
Rongyao Mi
3,
Junxiao Song
3,
Zhiguo Hao
4 and
Chuanbo Xu
3
1
State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company, Xining 810016, China
2
National Institute of Energy Development Strategy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
3
School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
4
School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(2), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020323
Submission received: 10 December 2024 / Revised: 31 December 2024 / Accepted: 8 January 2025 / Published: 13 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Modeling, Stability Analysis, and Control Design of Future Microgrids with Distributed Renewable Energy Sources Integration)
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Abstract

This study addresses the optimization of urban integrated energy systems (UIESs) under uncertainty in peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading by introducing a two-stage robust optimization strategy. The strategy includes a UIES model with a photovoltaic (PV)–green roof, hydrogen storage, and cascading cold/heat energy subsystems. The first stage optimizes energy trading volume to maximize social welfare, while the second stage maximizes operational profit, considering uncertainties in PV generation and power prices. The Nested Column and Constraint Generation (NC&CG) algorithm enhances privacy and solution precision. Case studies with three UIESs show that the model improves economic performance, energy efficiency, and sustainability, increasing profits by 1.5% over non-P2P scenarios. Adjusting the robustness and deviation factors significantly impacts P2P transaction volumes and profits, allowing system operators to optimize profits and make risk-aligned decisions.
Keywords: P2P electricity energy trading; UIESs; PV–green roofs; hydrogen energy storage; cold and heat energy cascade utilization; NC&CG P2P electricity energy trading; UIESs; PV–green roofs; hydrogen energy storage; cold and heat energy cascade utilization; NC&CG
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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, X.; Wang, Y.; Mi, R.; Song, J.; Hao, Z.; Xu, C. A Two-Stage Robust Optimization Strategy for Long-Term Energy Storage and Cascaded Utilization of Cold and Heat Energy in Peer-to-Peer Electricity Energy Trading. Energies 2025, 18, 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020323

AMA Style

Chen Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Mi R, Song J, Hao Z, Xu C. A Two-Stage Robust Optimization Strategy for Long-Term Energy Storage and Cascaded Utilization of Cold and Heat Energy in Peer-to-Peer Electricity Energy Trading. Energies. 2025; 18(2):323. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020323

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Yun, Yunhao Zhao, Xinghao Zhang, Ying Wang, Rongyao Mi, Junxiao Song, Zhiguo Hao, and Chuanbo Xu. 2025. "A Two-Stage Robust Optimization Strategy for Long-Term Energy Storage and Cascaded Utilization of Cold and Heat Energy in Peer-to-Peer Electricity Energy Trading" Energies 18, no. 2: 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020323

APA Style

Chen, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Mi, R., Song, J., Hao, Z., & Xu, C. (2025). A Two-Stage Robust Optimization Strategy for Long-Term Energy Storage and Cascaded Utilization of Cold and Heat Energy in Peer-to-Peer Electricity Energy Trading. Energies, 18(2), 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020323

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