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Volume 18
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Article

A Cost-Effective and Reliable Junction-Box–Integrated Rapid Shutdown System for BIPV Applications

by
Joon-Young Jeon
1,
Minkook Kim
1,
Myungwoo Son
1,
Ju-Hee Kim
1,
Young-Dal Lee
2,* and
Yong-Hyun Kim
1,*
1
Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, 9, Cheomdanventure-ro 108beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Future Mobility, College of AI, Chonnam National University 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(11), 2983; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112983
Submission received: 29 March 2025 / Revised: 29 April 2025 / Accepted: 8 May 2025 / Published: 5 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Section A2: Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Systems)
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Abstract

In response to fire safety risks associated with photovoltaic (PV) systems and evolving rapid shutdown requirements, this paper proposes a cost-effective and reliable rapid shutdown solution integrated directly into the PV module junction box. The system employs analog circuitry triggered by an external pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal, with optocoupler isolation and a controlled short-circuit method to rapidly reduce the module output voltage. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the output voltage is reduced to approximately 2 V within 280 ms, satisfying the U.S. National Electrical Code (NEC) 690.12 requirements. This junction-box–integrated approach eliminates the complexity of conventional module-level power electronics (MLPE) systems and offers a highly practical alternative for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications where partial shading is minimal.
Keywords: photovoltaic; BIPV; rapid shutdown; junction box; NEC 690.12 photovoltaic; BIPV; rapid shutdown; junction box; NEC 690.12

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jeon, J.-Y.; Kim, M.; Son, M.; Kim, J.-H.; Lee, Y.-D.; Kim, Y.-H. A Cost-Effective and Reliable Junction-Box–Integrated Rapid Shutdown System for BIPV Applications. Energies 2025, 18, 2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112983

AMA Style

Jeon J-Y, Kim M, Son M, Kim J-H, Lee Y-D, Kim Y-H. A Cost-Effective and Reliable Junction-Box–Integrated Rapid Shutdown System for BIPV Applications. Energies. 2025; 18(11):2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112983

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeon, Joon-Young, Minkook Kim, Myungwoo Son, Ju-Hee Kim, Young-Dal Lee, and Yong-Hyun Kim. 2025. "A Cost-Effective and Reliable Junction-Box–Integrated Rapid Shutdown System for BIPV Applications" Energies 18, no. 11: 2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112983

APA Style

Jeon, J.-Y., Kim, M., Son, M., Kim, J.-H., Lee, Y.-D., & Kim, Y.-H. (2025). A Cost-Effective and Reliable Junction-Box–Integrated Rapid Shutdown System for BIPV Applications. Energies, 18(11), 2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112983

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