Analysis of Indoor Air Quality and Fresh Air Energy Consumption Based on Students’ Learning Efficiency under Different Ventilation Methods by Modelica
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Outdoor Meteorological Parameters
2.2. Indoor Environmental Parameters
- (1)
- The CO2 in the classroom was evenly distributed. The outdoor CO2 concentration remained 400 ppm.
- (2)
- There were 30 students in the classroom, which is a common pattern in Chinese universities.
- (3)
- The CO2 generation remained constant during the class and no CO2 had been generated during the break.
- (4)
- The influence of students entering and leaving the classroom was ignored.
- (5)
- The building energy consumption caused by the load of the building envelope remained constant.
2.3. Modelica Model
2.4. Validation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Effect on IAQ and Thermal Comfort Based on the Regulations
3.1.1. The Effect of the Fixed Window-Opening Method
3.1.2. The Effect of the Switch Control Method
3.1.3. The Effect of the Automatic Control Method
3.1.4. The Effect of Indoor Average CO2 Concentration and Temperature
3.2. The Analysis of IAQ and Thermal Comfort Based on Learning Efficiency
3.2.1. The Effect of the ICC
3.2.2. Indoor Temperature
3.2.3. Comparison of Indoor Average CO2 Concentration and Temperature
3.3. Analysis of Fresh Air Energy Consumption
3.3.1. Heating Capacity of Air Conditioning under the Temperature 18 °C
3.3.2. Heating Capacity of Air Conditioning under the Temperature of 13.5 °C
3.3.3. Comparison of Energy Consumption under the Design Temperatures
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- When the FWM was adopted with the design temperature of 18 °C, the ICC was too high when the window-opening ratio was 0 or 20%. When the window-opening ratio was 40%, the indoor temperature could only be controlled at 18 °C for a third of the whole class duration. Furthermore, the indoor temperature could not be controlled at 18 °C if the window-opening ratio was 60% or 80%. When the SCM was adopted, there was no good thermal comfort in the classroom. When the ACM was adopted, the classroom room could have good thermal comfort, while the ICC would be controlled within 1000 ppm. The results recommended that, when the design temperature was 18 °C, the ACM ventilation method should be adopted.
- (2)
- When the FWM with 40% opening and the SCM with 40% opening were adopted with the design temperature of 13.5 °C, the ICC was too high. When the ACM was adopted, the classroom room could have good thermal comfort, while the ICC was controlled within 1000 ppm. Therefore, the ACM ventilation method was better than the FWM and the SCM.
- (3)
- When the design temperature was 18 °C, the fresh air energy consumption of the ACM was 12.31% and 17.33% less than that of the SCM with 40% opening and the FWM with 40% opening. When the design temperature was 13.5 °C, the energy consumption of fresh air by the ACM, SCM with 40% opening, and FWM with 40% opening was 46.58%, 48.38%, and 51.26% lower than those at 18 °C.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
A | The opening area in validation () |
The basal metabolic rate () | |
The maximum fresh air load of the actual air conditioner () | |
The opening flow coefficient in validation | |
The maximum heating capacity of the air conditioner for fresh air () | |
The rated heating capacity () | |
h | The height in validation () |
M | The variable () |
The body mass () | |
n | The flow exponent in validation |
The number of interfaces in validation () | |
The atmospheric pressure () | |
QB | The calculation of building heat load excluding fresh air heat load () |
QBE | The heat transfer of enclosure () |
QEE | The heat dissipation of electrical equipment () |
QH | The heat dissipation of classroom human body () |
The respiratory quotient | |
The air temperature () | |
The O2 consumption rate () | |
The CO2 generation rate () | |
The Minimum velocity in validation () | |
w | The width in validation () |
Greek symbols | |
The correction factor | |
The parameters in formula | |
The parameters in BMR formula | |
The parameters in BMR formula | |
Subscripts | |
B | |
BE | |
EE | |
FM | |
H | |
R |
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Length (m) | Width (m) | Height (m) | Volume (m3) | Seats | Window Open Area (m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6.75 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 122.38 | 40 | 4.62 |
Heating Capacity (W) | Power (W) | EER | Air Flow Volume (m3/h) |
---|---|---|---|
7800 | 2350 | 3.08 | 1200 |
Time | QH (W) | QEE (W) | QBE (W) | QB (W) | C (W) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class | 2569.97 | 538.31 | 505.75 | 2602.53 | 8062.53 |
Break | 0 | 538.31 | 505.37 | −32.56 | 5492.56 |
Sex | Age | Weight (kg) | BMR (MJ/day) | M (met) | RQ | (L/S) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 20 | 67.4 | 7.1422 | 1.8 [44] | 0.85 [46] | 0.006217 |
Female | 20 | 54.1 | 5.3902 | 1.8 [44] | 0.85 [46] | 0.004692 |
Parameter Name | Orifice | Door |
---|---|---|
Opening flow coefficient/ | 0.65 | 0.78 |
Flow exponent/n | 0.50 | 0.78 |
Opening area/A (m2) | 0.01 | 2.2 |
Width/w (m) | / | 1 |
Height/h (m) | / | 2.2 |
Number of interfaces/ | / | 10 |
Minimum velocity/ (m/s) | / | 0.001 |
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Li, X.; Xiong, J.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, Q. Analysis of Indoor Air Quality and Fresh Air Energy Consumption Based on Students’ Learning Efficiency under Different Ventilation Methods by Modelica. Energies 2024, 17, 4613. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184613
Li X, Xiong J, Zhang Q, Wang Q. Analysis of Indoor Air Quality and Fresh Air Energy Consumption Based on Students’ Learning Efficiency under Different Ventilation Methods by Modelica. Energies. 2024; 17(18):4613. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184613
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xu, Jingyi Xiong, Qifan Zhang, and Qiang Wang. 2024. "Analysis of Indoor Air Quality and Fresh Air Energy Consumption Based on Students’ Learning Efficiency under Different Ventilation Methods by Modelica" Energies 17, no. 18: 4613. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184613
APA StyleLi, X., Xiong, J., Zhang, Q., & Wang, Q. (2024). Analysis of Indoor Air Quality and Fresh Air Energy Consumption Based on Students’ Learning Efficiency under Different Ventilation Methods by Modelica. Energies, 17(18), 4613. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184613