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Volume 16
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Review

State-of-Art Review on Chemical Indicators for Monitoring the Aging Status of Oil-Immersed Transformer Paper Insulation

by
Enze Zhang
1,*,
Jiang Liu
2,
Chaohai Zhang
1,
Peijun Zheng
3,
Yosuke Nakanishi
3 and
Thomas Wu
1
1
School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2
Global Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 1698555, Japan
3
Graduate School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 1698555, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2023, 16(3), 1396; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031396
Submission received: 18 November 2022 / Revised: 5 January 2023 / Accepted: 20 January 2023 / Published: 30 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Optimization in Power Converters and Power Transformers)
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Abstract

Chemical compounds dissolved in insulating oil, as indicators can excellently monitor the paper aging condition, which has attracted increasing interest in areas of transformer condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Because of their outstanding features, such as good correlation with the degree of polymerization of cellulose paper and the aid of non-destructive online monitoring, chemical indicators have been effectively used for transformer condition assessment. In this study, a comprehensive, in-depth insight into the indicators of the aging of insulating paper from aging characteristics, physico-chemical characteristics, shortcomings of various compounds, generation pathways and mechanisms, and monitoring technologies are provided. It is expected that these chemical indicators can provide better guidance for the evaluation of paper insulation performance and transformer aging. In addition, the latest research progress, as well as current challenges and future prospects are also outlined. This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for chemical indicators in the fields of microscopic formation mechanism, diffusion equilibrium phenomenon, and insulation aging state assessment.
Keywords: chemical indicators; monitoring; aging status; power transformers; insulation paper chemical indicators; monitoring; aging status; power transformers; insulation paper

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, E.; Liu, J.; Zhang, C.; Zheng, P.; Nakanishi, Y.; Wu, T. State-of-Art Review on Chemical Indicators for Monitoring the Aging Status of Oil-Immersed Transformer Paper Insulation. Energies 2023, 16, 1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031396

AMA Style

Zhang E, Liu J, Zhang C, Zheng P, Nakanishi Y, Wu T. State-of-Art Review on Chemical Indicators for Monitoring the Aging Status of Oil-Immersed Transformer Paper Insulation. Energies. 2023; 16(3):1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031396

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Enze, Jiang Liu, Chaohai Zhang, Peijun Zheng, Yosuke Nakanishi, and Thomas Wu. 2023. "State-of-Art Review on Chemical Indicators for Monitoring the Aging Status of Oil-Immersed Transformer Paper Insulation" Energies 16, no. 3: 1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031396

APA Style

Zhang, E., Liu, J., Zhang, C., Zheng, P., Nakanishi, Y., & Wu, T. (2023). State-of-Art Review on Chemical Indicators for Monitoring the Aging Status of Oil-Immersed Transformer Paper Insulation. Energies, 16(3), 1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031396

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