Improved Photovoltaic Self-Consumption in Residential Buildings with Distributed and Centralized Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Related Work and Motivation
1.2. Aim and Structure of the Paper
- (1)
- The potential of improved synergy between PV generation and household load, including EV home-charging, by smart charging schemes quantified by self-consumption and self-sufficiency metrics.
- (2)
- The impact of the aggregation of multiple households with smart charging schemes on energy performances.
- (3)
- A comparison between centralized smart charging and aggregation of distributed smart charging on energy performances.
- (4)
- The impact on different PV power shares relative to self-consumption and self-sufficiency improvements by smart charging schemes.
2. Methodologies
2.1. EV Charging Schemes
2.1.1. Uncontrolled Charging
2.1.2. Distributed/Local Smart Charging
2.1.3. Centralized Smart Charging
2.2. Data and Case Study
2.2.1. Residential Household Load
2.2.2. Mobility Patterns and Daily Charging Demands
2.2.3. Solar PV Power Production
2.3. Definitions and Measures
2.3.1. PV Self-Consumption and Self-Sufficiency
2.3.2. Peak Load Reduction
2.3.3. Net Load Variability
3. Results
3.1. PV Self-Consumption and Self-Sufficiency
3.2. Peak Load Reduction
3.3. Net Load Variability
4. Concluding Discussion
- Self-consumption and self-sufficiency in residential buildings could be improved with EV charging schemes; however, the improvements were limited by low vehicle occupancy adjacent to the buildings during the period of high solar power production.
- Self-consumption and self-sufficiency improvements by the distributed smart charging scheme on the aggregate level were lower than for a single household. This was due to the fact that the aggregation of multiple households already improved self-consumption and self-sufficiency, leaving less room for the smart charging scheme to improve the performance.
- On the community level, the centralized charging scheme was superior at improving self-consumption and self-sufficiency compared with the distributed charging scheme.
- The higher the PV power share, the higher the load variability due to unconsumed PV power. The improvement in load variability by the smart charging schemes became less significant with higher PV power share.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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R | Self-Consumption Increase | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Distributed Charging | Centralized Charging | |||
Single Household | Community | Averaged Per Household | Community | |
0.10 | 1.3% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.2% |
0.25 | 7.3% | 2.9% | 2.8% | 8.1% |
0.50 | 8.7% | 3.7% | 3.8% | 8.5% |
0.75 | 7.4% | 3.0% | 3.5% | 6.4% |
1.00 | 6.0% | 2.5% | 3.4% | 4.9% |
1.25 | 5.0% | 2.1% | 3.0% | 3.9% |
1.50 | 4.3% | 1.9% | 2.7% | 3.2% |
R | Self-Sufficiency Increase | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Distributed Charging | Centralized Charging | |||
Single Household | Community | Averaged Per Household | Community | |
0.10 | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
0.25 | 2.0% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 2.3% |
0.50 | 4.6% | 2.1% | 2.3% | 4.7% |
0.75 | 5.9% | 2.6% | 3.3% | 5.3% |
1.00 | 6.4% | 2.9% | 3.8% | 5.4% |
1.25 | 6.7% | 3.1% | 4.7% | 5.4% |
1.50 | 6.9% | 3.2% | 4.7% | 5.5% |
R | Peak Load Reduction | ||
---|---|---|---|
Single Household | Community: Distributed | Community: Centralized | |
0.10 | 52.8% | 36.1% | 48.6% |
0.25 | 53.6% | 34.9% | 47.3% |
0.50 | 53.7% | 32.7% | 44.1% |
0.75 | 52.4% | 32.4% | 42.6% |
1.00 | 49.2% | 32.3% | 41.8% |
1.25 | 46.6% | 32.5% | 41.3% |
1.50 | 44.9% | 32.7% | 41.0% |
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Fachrizal, R.; Munkhammar, J. Improved Photovoltaic Self-Consumption in Residential Buildings with Distributed and Centralized Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles. Energies 2020, 13, 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13051153
Fachrizal R, Munkhammar J. Improved Photovoltaic Self-Consumption in Residential Buildings with Distributed and Centralized Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles. Energies. 2020; 13(5):1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13051153
Chicago/Turabian StyleFachrizal, Reza, and Joakim Munkhammar. 2020. "Improved Photovoltaic Self-Consumption in Residential Buildings with Distributed and Centralized Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles" Energies 13, no. 5: 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13051153